昨天在一本杂志上见到VIC的照片, 西装领带, 官仔骨骨.....呵呵呵 :D
飘 飘 姐 姐 ， 什 么 杂 志? Chu Sirwouldbecome myidol. :smile:
回复：回复：回复：回复：回复：回复：回复：回复：回复：回复：回复：回复：回复：回复：回复：回复：胡说
最初由发布回复：回复：回复：回复：回复：回复：回复：回复：回复：回复：回复：回复：回复：回复：回复：胡说
近幾年來,中國內地新移民人數與日俱增,像我這樣從事銷售的江湖跑腿,絕不能低估及放棄這個市場。甚至主流社會各大公司機構也覺察到。若然普通話不靈光,那就分不到一杯羹了。
噢 ， 落 空 了 。:o
回复：回复：thank you.
最初由发布回复：thankyou.
1. I have to gather crops of my garden if it is going to rain on saturday.
2. Wejoinedthe reading activity of the library during the summer holiday. It was very interesting. Now they have the activity program for children but wedon't know the detail. You can call the library to ask for it.
可 以 用 attended 吗 ？
回复：回复：回复：thank you.
最初由[红 树 林]发布回复：回复：thankyou.
可 以 用 attended 吗 ？
如果該活動是有如上課性質,用attended會更好。 :smile::smile: DearMr.Chu,Ireallydon'tknowhowIcanthankyouenough.It'sverykindof you. :smile::smile: 最初由[红 树 林]发布
:smile::smile: DearMr.Chu,Ireallydon'tknowhowIcanthankyouenough.It'sverykindof you. :smile::smile:
红树林何須客氣,要道謝也不應先謝我啦,先要多謝各校菫創辦人,校長及全體老師啊！
:O
被動語態的譯法
英語中被動語態的使用范圍极為廣泛, 尤其是在科技英語中, 被動語態几乎隨處可見, 凡是在不必、不愿說出或不知道主動者的情況下均可使用被動語態, 因此, 掌握被動語態的翻譯方法, 對于碩士研究生入學考試的复習与應考是极為重要的, 因為在碩士研究生入學考試中，英譯漢文章的內容多以科普文章為主。在漢語中, 也有被動語態, 通常通過“把”或“被”等詞体現出來, 但它的使用范圍遠遠小于英語中被動語態的使用范圍, 因此英語中的被動語態在很多情況下都翻譯成主動結构。 對于英語原文的被動結构, 我們一般采取下列的方法:1. 翻譯成漢語的主動句。英語原文的被動結构翻譯成漢語的主動結构又可以進一步分為几种不同的情況。
(1) 英語原文中的主語在譯文中仍做主語。在采用此方法時, 我們往往在譯文中使用了 “加以”, “經過”, “用……來”等詞來体現原文中的被動含義。例如:
例1.Other questions will be discussed briefly.
其他問題將簡單地加以討論。
例2.In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us.
換言之, 礦物就是存在于地球上, 但須經過挖掘、鑽孔、人工爆破或類似作業才能獲得的物質。
例3.Nuclear power's danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.
核能對健康、安全, 甚至對生命本身构成的危險可以用一個詞—輻射來概括。
(2) 將英語原文中的主語翻譯為賓語, 同時增補泛指性的詞語(人們,大家等)作主語。例如:
例1.It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well, but on television everything is much more living, much more real.
可能有人會指出, 無線電廣播同樣也能做到這一點, 但還是電視屏幕上的節目要生動、真實得多。
例2.Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining.
人們常說, 電視使人了解時事, 熟悉政治領域的最新發展變化, 并能源源不斷 地為觀眾提供各种既有教育意義又有趣的節目。
例3.It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality.
人們普遍認為，孩子們的早年經歷在很大程度上決定了他們的性格及其未來的人品。
另外, 下列的結构也可以通過這一手段翻譯:
It is asserted that … 有人主張 ……
It is believed that … 有人認為……
It is generally considered that … 大家(一般人)認為
It is well known that … 大家知道(眾所周知)……
It will be said … 有人會說……
It was told that … 有人曾經說……
(3) 將英語原文中的by, in, for等做狀語的介詞短語翻譯成譯文的主語, 在此情況下, 英語原文中的主語一般被翻譯成賓語。例如:
例1.A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor.
原子反應堆需要一种合适的燃料。
例2.By the end of the war, 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of 200 Belgian and French lives.
大戰結束時, 這個組織拯救了八百人, 但那是以二百多比利時人和法國人的生命為代价的。
例3.And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. (93年考題)
許多人認為, 普通人的思維活動根本無法与科學家的思維過程相比, 而且認為這些思維過程必須經過某种專門的訓練才能掌握。
(4) 翻譯成漢語的無主句。 例如:
例1.Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit.
應該盡最大努力告?nbsp| 年輕人吸煙的危害, 特別是吸上煙癮后的可怕后果。
例2.By this procedure, different honeys have been found to vary widely in the sensitivity of their inhibit to heat.
通過這种方法分析發現不同种類的蜂蜜的抗菌活動對熱的敏感程度也极為不同。
例4.Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century, the strangest of them being perhaps the hovercraft.
在我們這個世紀內研制了許多新奇的交通工具, 其中最奇特的也許就是气墊 船了。
例5.New source of energy must be found, and this will take time….
必須找到新的能源，這需要時間……
另外, 下列結构也可以通過這一手段翻譯:
It is hoped that … 希望……
It is reported that … 据報道……
It is said that … 据說……
It is supposed that … 据推測……
It may be said without fear of exaggeration that … 可以毫不夸張地說……
It must be admitted that … 必須承認……
It must be pointed out that … 必須指出……
It will be seen from this that … 由此可見……
(5) 翻譯成帶表語的主動句。例如:
例1.The decision to attack was not taken lightly.
進攻的決定不是輕易作出的。
例2.On the whole such an conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.
總的來說, 得出這种結論是有一定程度把握的, 但必須具備兩個條件: 能夠 假定這個孩子對測試的態度和与他比較的另一個孩子的態度相同; 他也沒有 因為缺乏別的孩子已掌握的有關知識而被扣分。
(注意上述翻譯技巧在該句翻譯中的綜合運用。)
2. 譯成漢語的被動語態。英語中的許多被動句可以翻譯成漢語的被動句。常用“被”, “給”, “遭”, “挨”, “為……所”, “使”, “由…”, “受到”等表示。例如:
例1.Early fires on the earth were certainly caused by nature, not by Man.
地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然而不是人類引燃的。
例2.These signals are produced by colliding stars or nuclear reactions in outer space.
這些訊號是由外層空間的星球碰撞或者核反應所造成的。
例3.Natural light or “white” light is actually made up of many colours.
自然光或者“白光”實際上是由許多种顏色組成的。
例4.The behaviour of a fluid flowing through a pipe is affected by a number of factors, including the viscosity of the fluid and the speed at which it is pumped.
流体在管道中流動的情況, 受到諸如流体粘度、泵送速度等各种因素的影響。
例5.They may have been a source of part of the atmosphere of the terrestrial planets, and they are believed to have been the planetesimal-like building blocks for some of the outer planets and their satellites.
它們可能一直是地球行星的一部分大气的來源。它們還被認為是构成外部行星以及其衛星的一种類似微星的基礎材料。
例6.Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. (95年考題)
工具和技術本身作為根本性創新的源泉多年來在很大程度上被科學史學家和科學思想家們忽視了。
例7.Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.
政府是以減少技術的經費投入來增加純理論科學的經費投入, 還是相反, 這往 往取決于把哪一方看作是驅動的力量。
例8.The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in any case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use.
石油的供應可能隨時會被中斷；不管怎樣，以目前的這种消費速度，只需30年左右，所有的油井都會枯竭。
回复：被動語態的譯法
最初由发布被動語態的譯法
英語中被動語態的使用范圍极為廣泛, 尤其是在科技英語中, 被動語態几乎隨處可見, 凡是在不必、不愿說出或不知道主動者的情況下均可使用被動語態, 因此, 掌握被動語態的翻譯方法, 對于碩士研究生入學考試的复習与應考是极為重要的, 因為在碩士研究生入學考試中，英譯漢文章的內容多以科普文章為主。在漢語中, 也有被動語態, 通常通過“把”或“被”等詞体現出來, 但它的使用范圍遠遠小于英語中被動語態的使用范圍, 因此英語中的被動語態在很多情況下都翻譯成主動結构。 對于英語原文的被動結构, 我們一般采取下列的方法:
1. 翻譯成漢語的主動句。英語原文的被動結构翻譯成漢語的主動結构又可以進一步分為几种不同的情況。
(1) 英語原文中的主語在譯文中仍做主語。在采用此方法時, 我們往往在譯文中使用了 “加以”, “經過”, “用……來”等詞來体現原文中的被動含義。例如:
例1.Other questions will be discussed briefly.
其他問題將簡單地加以討論。
例2.In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us.
換言之, 礦物就是存在于地球上, 但須經過挖掘、鑽孔、人工爆破或類似作業才能獲得的物質。
例3.Nuclear power's danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.
核能對健康、安全, 甚至對生命本身构成的危險可以用一個詞—輻射來概括。
(2) 將英語原文中的主語翻譯為賓語, 同時增補泛指性的詞語(人們,大家等)作主語。例如:
例1.It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well, but on television everything is much more living, much more real.
可能有人會指出, 無線電廣播同樣也能做到這一點, 但還是電視屏幕上的節目要生動、真實得多。
例2.Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining.
人們常說, 電視使人了解時事, 熟悉政治領域的最新發展變化, 并能源源不斷 地為觀眾提供各种既有教育意義又有趣的節目。
例3.It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality.
人們普遍認為，孩子們的早年經歷在很大程度上決定了他們的性格及其未來的人品。
另外, 下列的結构也可以通過這一手段翻譯:
It is asserted that … 有人主張 ……
It is believed that … 有人認為……
It is generally considered that … 大家(一般人)認為
It is well known that … 大家知道(眾所周知)……
It will be said … 有人會說……
It was told that … 有人曾經說……
(3) 將英語原文中的by, in, for等做狀語的介詞短語翻譯成譯文的主語, 在此情況下, 英語原文中的主語一般被翻譯成賓語。例如:
例1.A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor.
原子反應堆需要一种合适的燃料。
例2.By the end of the war, 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of 200 Belgian and French lives.
大戰結束時, 這個組織拯救了八百人, 但那是以二百多比利時人和法國人的生命為代价的。
例3.And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. (93年考題)
許多人認為, 普通人的思維活動根本無法与科學家的思維過程相比, 而且認為這些思維過程必須經過某种專門的訓練才能掌握。
(4) 翻譯成漢語的無主句。 例如:
例1.Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit.
應該盡最大努力告?nbsp| 年輕人吸煙的危害, 特別是吸上煙癮后的可怕后果。
例2.By this procedure, different honeys have been found to vary widely in the sensitivity of their inhibit to heat.
通過這种方法分析發現不同种類的蜂蜜的抗菌活動對熱的敏感程度也极為不同。
例4.Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century, the strangest of them being perhaps the hovercraft.
在我們這個世紀內研制了許多新奇的交通工具, 其中最奇特的也許就是气墊 船了。
例5.New source of energy must be found, and this will take time….
必須找到新的能源，這需要時間……
另外, 下列結构也可以通過這一手段翻譯:
It is hoped that … 希望……
It is reported that … 据報道……
It is said that … 据說……
It is supposed that … 据推測……
It may be said without fear of exaggeration that … 可以毫不夸張地說……
It must be admitted that … 必須承認……
It must be pointed out that … 必須指出……
It will be seen from this that … 由此可見……
(5) 翻譯成帶表語的主動句。例如:
例1.The decision to attack was not taken lightly.
進攻的決定不是輕易作出的。
例2.On the whole such an conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.
總的來說, 得出這种結論是有一定程度把握的, 但必須具備兩個條件: 能夠 假定這個孩子對測試的態度和与他比較的另一個孩子的態度相同; 他也沒有 因為缺乏別的孩子已掌握的有關知識而被扣分。
(注意上述翻譯技巧在該句翻譯中的綜合運用。)
2. 譯成漢語的被動語態。英語中的許多被動句可以翻譯成漢語的被動句。常用“被”, “給”, “遭”, “挨”, “為……所”, “使”, “由…”, “受到”等表示。例如:
例1.Early fires on the earth were certainly caused by nature, not by Man.
地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然而不是人類引燃的。
例2.These signals are produced by colliding stars or nuclear reactions in outer space.
這些訊號是由外層空間的星球碰撞或者核反應所造成的。
例3.Natural light or “white” light is actually made up of many colours.
自然光或者“白光”實際上是由許多种顏色組成的。
例4.The behaviour of a fluid flowing through a pipe is affected by a number of factors, including the viscosity of the fluid and the speed at which it is pumped.
流体在管道中流動的情況, 受到諸如流体粘度、泵送速度等各种因素的影響。
例5.They may have been a source of part of the atmosphere of the terrestrial planets, and they are believed to have been the planetesimal-like building blocks for some of the outer planets and their satellites.
它們可能一直是地球行星的一部分大气的來源。它們還被認為是构成外部行星以及其衛星的一种類似微星的基礎材料。
例6.Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. (95年考題)
工具和技術本身作為根本性創新的源泉多年來在很大程度上被科學史學家和科學思想家們忽視了。
例7.Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.
政府是以減少技術的經費投入來增加純理論科學的經費投入, 還是相反, 這往 往取決于把哪一方看作是驅動的力量。
例8.The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in any case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use.
石油的供應可能隨時會被中斷；不管怎樣，以目前的這种消費速度，只需30年左右，所有的油井都會枯竭。
很实用。谢谢。 whosaysthatthereisnosuchfree-lunch,ihad/gota
free-lunchyesterday.thiswasa party for/celebratedthe
chineserestaurantopening.
请 修 正 。 谢 谢 。:):) 最初由[红 树 林]发布
whosaysthatthereisnosuchfree-lunch,ihad/gota
free-lunchyesterday.thiswasa party for/celebratedthe
chineserestaurantopening.
请 修 正 。 谢 谢 。:):)
"Is it really no free lunch in this world."?
"Not true, I just got one yesterday at a party in a Chinese Restaurant to celebrate their grand opening."
以名詞“Point”為中心的慣用語
“Point”是個實質名詞，甚易感受﹔與它連用的慣用語也令人有深切的體會。(1)Beside the point：與所討論的問題無關。
“We are now discussing the staff development, so your question about international relationships is beside the point.”
(2)On the point of...：就要做...
“Yesterday, when I was on the point of going out, an old friend came to see me.”
(3)A case in point: 一個恰當的例子。
“Not many people would like to invest in the same enterprise. Mr. Brown is a case in point; he has different businesses.”
(4)Get to the point：談到問題要點。
“All the jokes are interesting, but isn't it time to get to the point?”
(5)Get/take someone's point：了解某人的意思。
“What did you say just now? I didn't quite get your point.”
( 6 )Get/Wander off the point：離開主題。
“James spoke quite well at first, but later, he wandered off the point.”
(7)Have a point: 有可取之處。
Globalization? You have a point there. From now on, we have to focus on human relationships.”
( 8 )Make one's point：表達了意思。
“David, you have made your point well. How about Shirley? Can you tell us what you think about her?”
(9)Make a point of...：確定要...
“I often make a point of completing the day's work without undue procrastination.”
(10)Reach the point of no return：不可走回頭路﹔不可反悔。
“The TV Company has offered Lisa an unconditional 5-year contract. It has reached the point of no return and cannot change its decision.”
(11)A sore point with...：令人討厭的事。
“Sally's boy friend, Samuel, went to dinner without inviting her. This is a sore point with her and whenever she thinks of this, she becomes unhappy.”
( 12 )The sticking point：（談判、討論時）不易達致協議之點。
“How the boundary is to be drawn seems to be the sticking point in the peace talk between the two neighboring countries.”
(13)That's the (whole)point：那就是問題的懲結了。
“- If I cancel the trip, will the deposit be forfeited? -yes! That's the whole point; no one can cancel the trip at short notice.”
(14)Stretch a point：破例作出讓步。
“When it came to special allowance, the manager stretched a point in Jason's favor.”
(15)The/A vantage point：優越的地位。
From the vantage point on the raised platform, one can see the military parade very clearly./why don't you stand on a vantage point to have a far-sighted view？（站得高，看得遠。）
由on引導的介詞短語
現在舉些由“on”引導的介詞短語，使大家的介詞短語更丰富起來。(1) On the air：在廣播中
The Prime Minister's National Day speech was broadcast live and will be on the air again.
(2) On balance：權衡輕重之后
Our national football team sometimes won but sometimes lost. On balance, it has had a quite good track record.
(3) On the dole：接受福利金
In the West, unemployed workers can still survive if they are on the dole.
(4) On an even keel：平穩的
The grocery business has experienced a tough period, but it is back on an even keel.
(5) On the loose：不受拘束的
According to some newspaper reports, a big tiger is on the loose in an outlying island.
( 6 ) On the make：熱衷于追求名利
Among your friends, do you have some continually on the make?
(7) On the mend：病情在好轉件
When I saw Mike last time, he was quite ill, but he is now said to be on the mend.
( 8 ) On the move ：在活動中
A good friend of mine has been on the move in and out of the country, trying to find business to do.
(9) On a par with：……和……平等
The flowers in that garden are pretty, but I am not sure if they are on a par with yours.
(10) On the quiet：秘密地
Some foreign students have been making money on the quiet during school holidays.
(11) On the rocks：遭受失敗
His ill-fated attempt has landed itself on the rocks.
( 12 ) on the run：在逃跑中
One kidnapper has been arrested, but others are still on the run.
(13) On a shoestring：小本經營地
Xiao Lei ran his business on a shoestring before it was expanded.
(14) On the side：作為兼職
Some low-income people have to take up a second job on the side.
(15) On the sly：秘密地﹔偷偷地
Smoking was prohibited in school, but some students did it on the sly or in the lavatory.
(16) On the spot：當場﹔立即
When an adult shoplifter is caught on the spot, he or she will be sent to prison.
(17) On tenterhooks：提心吊膽
Those waiting for the outcome of university admission are on tenterhooks beyond their control.
(18) On the rack：極度焦慮不安
When the doctor did not say anything after seeing the patient, the patiant felt somewhat on the rack.
(19) On tap：隨時可得到的
The director has a wide circle of friends who are on tap when needed.
(20) On the cards ：有可能重現的
Unconfirmed news has it that a new university could be on the cards.
(21) On edge：緊張﹔著急﹔
When the small boy could not see his mother in the crowd, he was on edge and cried.
(22) On call：待命
The company car is always on call to take the Chief Executive Officer to meetings. 最初由发布
"Is it really no free lunch in this world."?
"Not true, I just got one yesterday at a party in a Chinese Restaurant to celebrate their grand opening."
THANKYOUVERYMUCH. :smile::smile: Chu Sir.
这 对 我 很 有 启 发 性 -----几 个 单 调 的 简 单 句 如 何 用一 个 复 合 句 表 达 。:smile::smile: 最初由[红 树 林]发布
THANKYOUVERYMUCH. :smile::smile: Chu Sir.
这 对 我 很 有 启 发 性 -----几 个 单 调 的 简 单 句 如 何 用一 个 复 合 句 表 达 。:smile::smile:
句子合成法
兩個或兩個以上簡單句(Simple Sentence)可以合成一個較長的簡單句、并列句(Compound Sentence)或復雜句(Complex Sentence)。通過句子的合成，我們得以更清楚地看出句子間的語義關系，而且還可以使句子多樣化，增加文章的丰姿。
現在就從三方面來看看句子合成法的問題。
1. 由兩三個簡單句合成一個長的簡單句。例如：
(1) John ran away. He escaped the danger.
→ Running away, John escaped the danger.
(2) The hunter took up his gun. He shot the boar.
→ The hunter took up his gun to shoot the boar.
(3) The king died. The queen heard about it. She fainted.
→ On hearing about the king's death, the queen fainted.
(4) Kelvin is my good friend. He is a strong supporter of social justice.
→ Kelvin, a strong supporter of social justice, is my good friend.
(5) The rascal kicked the cat. He kicked it on the back. He kicked it intentionally.
→ The rascal kicked the cat on the back intentionally.
2. 由兩三個簡單句合成一個并列句。例如：
( 6 ) John was sad. He kept quiet.
→ John was sad but he kept quiet.
(7) Take the book. Leave it there.
→ Take the book or leave it there.
( 8 ) Sean did not come to class today. He had a bad headache.
→ Sean did not come to class today, for he had a bad headache.
(9) Bruce was lying on the bed. He looked at the ceiling. He saw a lizard.
→ Lying on the bed, Bruce looked at the ceiling and saw a lizard.
3. 由兩三個簡單句合成一個復雜句。例如：
(10) Kelvin is getting rich. We know about it.
→ We know that kelvin is getting rich.
(11) I like this book. It contains many amusing stories.
→ I like this book which contains many amusing stories.
(12) Helen is sure to get her pay. It is due to her. Why does she complain?
→ Why does Helen complain since she is sure to get the pay due to her ?
(13) The woman was exhausted. She had not slept well the previous night.
→ The woman was exhausted because she had not slept well the previous night.
上面例子顯示，簡單句由“主語+謂語”(Subject + Predicate) 構成，有時還附有修飾性的短語。并列句由至少兩個地位平等的并列分句透過并列連詞 (Coordinating Conjunction)如”and, or, but, so, for”等連成。復雜句包括一個主句 (Main Clause)及至少一個從句 (Subordinate Clause)， 通過從屬連詞(Subordinating Conjunction) 如”That, since, because, when, if”等合成。從屬分句因功能不同而分成“名詞從句”(Noun Clause), “副詞從句”(Adverb Clause) 和“形容詞從句”(Adjective Clause)。
上述諸句式中，復雜句最為多采多姿，不妨多用。為了避免句子太長，難以控制，一個復雜句最好不要超過三個從句。 贴 贴 有 用 。 thankyousomuch.Mr.Chu.
464贴 wonderful. :smile::smile: