美国科学家宣布引力波重大发现
Gravitational Waves Finding Confirms Early Universe's Exponential Growth
Detection confirms "inflation" of early universe to cosmological sizes in early instant.
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/14/140317-big-bang-gravitational-waves-inflation-science-space/
引力波是宇宙中一种特殊的“时空涟漪”，这是因为我们将引力波想象成在时空中的微小起伏，科学家一直在寻找引力波的踪迹。引力波可以形成于天体撞击事件中，也可以源于宇宙大爆炸，现在科学家或首次探测到引力波的证据，从而揭开宇宙诞生之谜。参与本项研究的科学家表示，3月17日于哈佛大学史密森天体物理中心宣布这一重大消息，如果引力波的探测发现获得证实，那么几乎可以肯定是下一个诺贝尔奖。
目前，关于引力波的发现仍然处于保密之中，外界无法得知科学家到底发现了哪些与引力波有关的线索，最新的预测显示科学家可能已经找到引力波的直接证据，并且与137亿年前宇宙诞生有关。宇宙诞生后形成了强大的引力波事件，但随着宇宙空间的急剧膨胀，引力波也被逐渐削弱，这些原始的引力波如同宇宙大爆炸的“回声”，如果宇宙有一个开端，那么引力波就是一个证明。
引力波的发现可以让科学家第一次“看到”宇宙是如何诞生的，早在爱因斯坦时期，广义相对论就预言了引力波的存在，引力波就像宇宙时空中的微小涟漪，携带着一定的能量，其主要起源于宇宙中强大的天体事件，比如宇宙大爆炸、黑洞合并等，但是引力波传递到太阳系时已经非常微弱了，此前的探测精度远没有达到要求，因此我们很难发现引力波，如果要把引力波具体化，可以将其想象成穿过海洋的海浪，而地球则在大洋的另一边。
科学家预计的当地时间周一宣布有关引力波的发现，这将是宇宙学史上重要的时刻，因为其背后隐藏着宇宙大爆炸之谜，与宇宙开端有关。引力波的信号据称来自位于南极的Bicep望远镜，这是一台可探测引力波的装置，其他研究引力波的平台还有位于轨道上的欧空局普朗克卫星、智利北部的望远镜等。
我们的宇宙历史接近140亿年，而我们对宇宙诞生时的状态并不十分清楚，科学家认为正是由于引力波的存在，使得早期宇宙出现的微小时空涟漪在暴涨期时被放大，形成了我们今天所看到的宇宙星系、恒星以及行星等。
回复 181# 小盐粒儿
视频资料：
引力波介绍
Hardy Star Survives Supernova Blast
http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/styles/800x600_autoletterbox/public/deml241.jpg?itok=dtzV5L2m
当超级恒星的燃料燃烧殆尽时，它会发生坍塌和爆发，成为一颗超新星。虽然这样的爆发是非常剧烈的，但是它的联星有可能在这样的爆发中幸存。美国宇航局的科学家利用各种探测手段发现了一个这样的幸存者的证据。
When a massive star runs out fuel, it collapses and explodes as a supernova.Although these explosions are extremely powerful, it is possible for a companion star to endure the blast. A team of astronomers using NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory and other telescopes has found evidence for one of these survivors.
This hardy star is in a stellar explosion’s debris field ? also called its supernova remnant ? located in an HII region called DEM L241. An HII (pronounced "H-two") region is created when the radiation from hot, young stars strips away the electrons from neutral hydrogen atoms (HI) to form clouds of ionized hydrogen (HII). This HII region is located in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a small companion galaxy to the Milky Way.
A new composite image of DEM L241 contains Chandra data (purple) that outlines the supernova remnant. The remnant remains hot and therefore X-ray bright for thousands of years after the original explosion occurred. Also included in this image are optical data from the Magellanic Cloud Emission Line Survey (MCELS) taken from ground-based telescopes in Chile (yellow and cyan), which trace the HII emission produced by DEM L241. Additional optical data from the Digitized Sky Survey (white) are also included, showing stars in the field.
R. Davies, K. Elliott, and J. Meaburn, whose last initials were combined to give the object the first half of its name, first mapped DEM L241 in 1976. The recent data from Chandra revealed the presence of a point-like X-ray source at the same location as a young massive star within DEM L241’s supernova remnant.
Astronomers can look at the details of the Chandra data to glean important clues about the nature of X-ray sources.For example, how bright the X-rays are, how they change over time, and how they are distributed across the range of energy that Chandra observes.
In this case, the data suggest that the point-like source is one component of a binary star system.In such a celestial pair, either a neutron star or black hole (formed when the star went supernova) is in orbit with a star much larger than our Sun. As they orbit one another, the dense neutron star or black hole pulls material away its companion star through the wind of particles that flows away from its surface. If this result is confirmed, DEM L241 would be only the third binary containing both a massive star and a neutron star or black hole ever found in the aftermath of a supernova.
Chandra’s X-ray data also show that the inside of the supernova remnant is enriched in oxygen, neon and magnesium. This enrichment and the presence of the massive star imply that the star that exploded had a mass greater than 25 times, to perhaps up to 40 times, that of the Sun.
Optical observations with the South African Astronomical Observatory's 1.9-meter telescope show the velocity of the massive star is changing and that it orbits around the neutron star or black hole with a period of tens of days. A detailed measurement of the velocity variation of the massive companion star should provide a definitive test of whether or not the binary contains a black hole.
Indirect evidence already exists that other supernova remnants were formed by the collapse of a star to form a black hole. However, if the collapsed star in DEM L241 turns out to be a black hole, it would provide the strongest evidence yet for such a catastrophic event.
What does the future hold for this system? If the latest thinking is correct, the surviving massive star will be destroyed in a supernova explosion some millions of years from now. When it does, it may form a binary system containing two neutron stars or a neutron star and a black hole, or even a system with two black holes.
A paper describing these results is available online and was published in the November 10, 2012 issue of The Astrophysical Journal (http://arxiv.org/abs/1208.1453). The authors are Fred Seward of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, MA; P. Charles from University of Southampton, UK; D. Foster from the South African Astronomical Observatory in Cape Town, South Africa; J. Dickel and P. Romero from University of New Mexico in Albuquerque, NM; Z. Edwards, M. Perry and R. Williams from Columbus State University in Columbus, GA.
NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala., manages the Chandra program for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in Cambridge, Mass., controls Chandra's science and flight operations.Image credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/SAO/F. Seward et al; Optical: NOAO/CTIO/MCELS, DSS
回复 183# 小盐粒儿
盐粒的贴太高深，我的智商是无解啦
但是我喜欢看你和马海两人聊这事，很有趣，照片太绝美！不是上帝，谁能在宇宙中创造它！！
我第一次听到引力波是从倪匡所著的卫斯理科幻小说里，描写他驾驶一艘宇宙飞船遇到引力波而被转移到外太空，遇到各种不同的外星人，有巨大数十倍的巨人，也有已经进化到只剩下一组活动脑电波的永生外星人，经过许多年流荡，人都老了，一天巧遇宇宙引力波，终于回到地球，原来只隔了几个月，卫斯理及伙伴又变回年轻了。
听说为什么咱们的银河系有多条旋臂？就是引力波造成的
回复 185# 骑马海
是个注意观察的人，像我哈
这里我想知道，这个引波力，又是怎么来的呢？
听说为什么咱们的银河系有多条旋臂？就是引力波造成的
骑马海 发表于 2014-3-20 18:54 http://bbs.51.ca/images/common/back.gif
我还听一个科学学说称：宇宙万物，都是上帝为地球而设计制造的————科学家们惊讶不已，找不到答案，ｗｈｙ ａｎｄ ｗｈｙ ？
但是我们在上帝那里可以找到——————上帝爱人类，不要问为何，因为答案我们听不懂
回复 183# 小盐粒儿
小盐粒，不知你有没有听过这一说？
宇宙万物，都是上帝为地球而设计制造的
这是由中古时代的圣经说的，当时连罗马教廷王室都相信了。
我不打算在这个帖里讨论这问题，请你回到圣经找答案帖子上去，我会在那里解释这问题，因为这帖子只讲科学，不谈宗教！
本帖最后由 骑马海 于 2014-3-29 01:30 编辑
加州美国太空署艾姆斯研究中心的天文学家 湯玛斯.巴克莱。利用开普勒太空望远镜发现了一颗大小和地球几乎一样可居住的行星。
这颗行星恰巧在金发区內围绕着一个太阳转，金发区是指光和温度足以允许液态水存在的区域，像地球一样。
巴克莱表示这个新太阳系包含5个行星环绕着一颗M1矮恒星运转。
又是周末
问弟兄们安！
- 此帖来自无忧论坛手机版
找了上千个星球，才找到第一个能住人的世外桃源，不过还未知多远？
找了上千个星球，才找到第一个能住人的世外桃源，不过还未知多远？
骑马海 发表于 2014-3-29 17:22 http://bbs.51.ca/images/common/back.gif
你该问问费神仙去啊
有的人呢，有眼不能看，有耳却不能听
可惜了上帝给他的恩赐！ 唉，可惜了
本帖最后由 骑马海 于 2014-3-31 02:49 编辑
OrionM42猎户座大星云
这是猎户座，中间斜列三星是腰带，上面黄星是头，两旁是双手，腰带下直排小三星是佩剑，再下两边的星是双足，佩剑中间那粒粉红色的不是星星，而是M42猎户大星云，也是唯一用肉眼能见的星云
腰带及佩剑放大的星云区，中左是马头星云，右下就是M42大星云
应该放横看，左下角是马头星云，右上角就是M42
就是小盐粒兄的M42大星云