那末你是12岁来加拿大，在中国的小学应该已经把汉字掌握的差不多了。
我很好奇，你现在思考问题是用中文还是用英文？
酒中仙 发表于 2014-4-10 23:24 http://bbs.51.ca/images/common/back.gif
Bates's Uncle Silas figure, and many of the lineaments of his character, were based on a real person named Joseph Betts, the husband of H.E. Bates's maternal grandmother Mary Ann. Betts lived in a village in the Ouse Valley, was born in the early 1840s, and lived to the early 1930s. The figure he portrays is Rabelaisian and robust, a true countryman of pithy and rogueish character, simultaneously earthy and whimsical, crabbed and wicked, yet full of humour and "strong original devilishness."
Bates considered that, if anything, he had understated the true English rural character. The delightful stories and scenes were drawn from his own fragrant memories of a Northamptonshire childhood, from stories actually told by his great-uncle, or from a more general country lore of apocryphal legends such as any attentive child might be aware of. The boy (representing the author in childhood) enters into most of the stories, sometimes as a listener and sometimes a participant: his relationship to Silas and the old man's way of putting a slant on his stories for the boy's benefit are essential parts of the whole effect.
Publication
The first collection of stories (My Uncle Silas) was published in 1939, though the first story (introducing the character), The Lily, was first published separately about six years previously, and had been followed by The Wedding and The Death of Uncle Silas. In a large public correspondence to the author, the British and colonial public demanded the resurrection of Uncle Silas; and so a further 11 stories were written to complete the volume. Inseparable from the text are the illustrations of Edward Ardizzone, which perfectly and brilliantly capture the gnarled quality and sly charm of the subject. Various book-club editions and reprints have followed.
In 1957 Michael Joseph Ltd of London published a further volume for Bates of 12 additional Uncle Silas stories, accompanied by 25 more Ardizzone drawings, under the title Sugar for the Horse.
Television adaptation
Two series of the short stories were adapted for television. The first aired in 2001 and the second in 2003. They featured Albert Finney as Silas.
Sources
H.E. Bates, 1939, My Uncle Silas (with author's preface: illustrated by Edward Ardizzone). (Jonathan Cape).
H.E. Bates, 1957, Sugar for the Horse (illustrated by Edward Ardizzone). (Michael Joseph, London).
External links
My Uncle Silas at the Internet Movie Database
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H. E. Bates
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Categories: Literary characters
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回复11033324
你是几年级过来的呢？
你说的意思是：credit和debt两个概念，拼音文字为母语的孩子也同样搞不定，是吗？
酒中仙 发表于 2014-4-9 23:50 http://bbs.51.ca/images/common/back.gif
Credit & Debt
Used wisely, credit is a powerful financial tool; but if used carelessly, it can lead to a heavy debt load. Whether you've accumulated debt or are considering credit options, understanding the essentials of credit and debt management will help you remain on solid financial ground.
Credit Cards
The advantages of credit cards are numerous – quick access, fraud protection, bill consolidation, convenience. But what about the responsibilities? Understanding credit card basics is essential to choosing and using your cards wisely. Read more
Credit History
To get a glimpse of your financial future, businesses look at your financial past. This history is contained in your credit report and impacts your ability to qualify for a loan, rent an apartment, and more. Read more
Debt
Consumer debt in America remains consistently high. To overcome your debt and get onto solid financial footing, it is important to first determine how much you owe. Read more
Identity Theft
When your private financial information gets into the wrong hands, the consequences can be devastating. If you should fall victim to identity theft, it is important that you act quickly. Read more
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Home Personal Finance For Educators Games Calculators Resources About Contact Us
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回复11033324
你是几年级过来的呢？
你说的意思是：credit和debt两个概念，拼音文字为母语的孩子也同样搞不定，是吗？
酒中仙 发表于 2014-4-9 23:50 http://bbs.51.ca/images/common/back.gif
Managing Credit and Debt
Know the consequences of bad credit.
Soon after enrolling in college you were probably swamped with credit card offers boasting low introductory interest rates and other gifts and rewards for applying. Although getting a credit card is tempting, there are many things that you should be aware of that can have negative long-term effects on your financial well-being.
The resources on this page can help you become a more responsible credit card user.
Pizza Cravings and Credit Cards
Pizza Cravings and Credit Cards
It's tempting to get a credit card when you're pressured almost daily to apply for one. However, credit card companies don't give you the entire picture when they're trying to get your business.
Do you know the real cost of items purchased on a credit card? Watch this short video to find out.
Credit Card Skills Builder
Credit Card Skills Builder*
Are you card smart?
Go on a virtual shopping spree with the interactive Credit Card Skills Builder to learn how credit cards work. The interactive resource also features a credit card glossary and demonstrates how long it will take to pay off a credit card bill by only making monthly minimum payments.
Reading a Credit Card Statement
Reading a Credit Card Statement*
Credit card statements are notoriously difficult to understand. They are filled with strange terms, numbers, and percentages that can add up to hefty fees, penalties and rising interest rates that even the most experienced credit card user might not understand.
AIE's interactive credit card statement explains the terms commonly included on a real statement.
Credit Card Debt - A Student's Story
Credit Card Debt - A Student's Story
It's easy to develop bad spending habits in college when you use a credit card for purchases. In this video, a college graduate explains how living like a professional and accumulating debt while in college forced her to live like a student when she got out.
Watch the video to hear her story
Interactive Credit Report
Interactive Credit Report
Your credit report is basically your financial report card. It provides a record of your borrowing and money-management history, and is used to calculate your credit score. Lenders refer to your credit report to determine if you are a good credit risk for approving a loan.
Use the Interactive Credit Report to learn about the information included in a credit report.
To learn more about avoiding credit card debt, visit the links below:
?Credit Card Repayment Table ?Use this chart to compare how long it will take to pay off a credit card by making monthly minimum payments vs. paying 10% a month.
?Credit Card Terminology ?It's important to be familiar with all of the terms used in credit card offers and statements to avoid getting deep into credit card debt. Here's a list of commonly used credit card terms with their definitions.
?Credit Card Suggestions ?For an increasing number of students, credit cards are a necessary accessory. It is important to follow certain guidelines to be responsible credit card users.
?Credit Reports?Just like a resume or report card, a credit report is used to gauge an individual's financial performance.
?Credit Scores ?A credit score is an individual's financial performance grade and is mostly based off of your credit report.
Did you know?
?Most college students get their first credit card by the fall of their freshman year.
?More than 80 percent of college students have at least one credit card.
?College freshmen who have credit cards tend to double their debt by their senior year.
Get Adobe Flash Player *Credit Card Skills Builder and Reading a Credit Card Statement require the Flash Player. If you do not have Flash Player on your computer, you can get it for free from Adobe.
Here are other documents located on AIE.org that you may be interested in: ?Read a Credit Report
?Understand Credit Reports
Credit Scores and Reports
?Managing Credit and Debt
?Understand Credit Reports
?Read a Credit Report
?Understand the Basics of Credit Scores
More Resources
?Subscribe to Our Weekly Newsletter — AIEmail
?Counselors Network — Our Monthly Newsletter for Schools
?Download and Print Handouts
?College Finance Calculators
?For Student Loan Borrowers: Online Resources
?Find Resources in Your State
?Find Resources on the Web
Featured Video
Interior Designer
Career Profile: Interior Designer
AIE Home | Search | Financial Literacy | Planning for College | Paying for College | Finding a Career | Managing Your Money | Students | Parents | Schools | Community | About AIE | AIEmail | En espanol
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?2014 Texas Guaranteed Student Loan Corporation
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回复11033324
你是几年级过来的呢？
你说的意思是：credit和debt两个概念，拼音文字为母语的孩子也同样搞不定，是吗？
酒中仙 发表于 2014-4-9 23:50 http://bbs.51.ca/images/common/back.gif
Credit and debt
Credit is money you borrow from a financial institution like a bank or credit union, to spend the way you want.
However, credit isn't your personal money tree growing in the backyard. Any credit you use is a debt that must be paid back to the credit provider - usually with extra costs on top of the amount you borrowed such as interest, fees and charges.
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Video: MoneySmart Rookie - credit hangover
This video is hosted on YouTube.
Staying on top of your finances is important, it is easy to get into debt by borrowing money on your credit card.Watch this video to learn how to avoid financial rookie errors with credit.
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Last updated: 29 Jan 2014
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Glossary
Used wisely, credit is a powerful financial tool; but if used carelessly, it can lead to a heavy debt load. Whether you've accumulated debt or are considering credit options, understanding the essentials of credit and debt management will help you remain on solid financial ground.
Credit Cards
The advantages of credit cards are numerous – quick access, fraud protection, bill consolidation, convenience. But what about the responsibilities? Understanding credit card basics is essential to choosing and using your cards wisely. Read more
Credit History
To get a glimpse of your financial future, businesses look at your financial past. This history is contained in your credit report and impacts your ability to qualify for a loan, rent an apartment, and more. Read more
Debt
Consumer debt in America remains consistently high. To overcome your debt and get onto solid financial footing, it is important to first determine how much you owe. Read more
Identity Theft
When your private financial information gets into the wrong hands, the consequences can be devastating. If you should fall victim to identity theft, it is important that you act quickly. Read more
Practical Money SkillsVisa USA Inc.
Home Personal Finance For Educators Games Calculators Resources About Contact Us
? 2000-2014 Visa. All rights reserved.Disclaimer Discussion Rules Privacy Policy Terms of Use
看来你是11级的同学。我觉得在质疑主帖的回帖中，你的是最有思考的回帖之一。
你这里的意思，是说不同的语言在相互转译的时候，总有难以准确表达之处，因此各种语言各有千秋，各有特点，难分优劣。
但是主帖作者想说的，是指汉字本身的性质，和它对中国人理解世界的能力所带来的限制或者说不利的因素。
我也是在思考和试图理解作者的意思。我有这样一层理解：
汉字是一种象形文字，或者说以形象为基础构建的文字。它的基本元素，是图形。比如说，树的形象产生了“木”这个汉字，树多了，就产生了“林”这个汉字，再多，就造一个“森”字，汉字体系就是这样构建的。
但是人类认识世界，需要概念和概念体系作为深入思考的工具。而以象形文字为基本元素的汉字，无法创造抽象概念和抽象概念的体系，这就限制了使用汉字的中国人的思考能力的自主发展。所以，所有抽象概念的体系，都不是中国人所发明的。
酒中仙 发表于 2014-4-10 01:00 http://bbs.51.ca/images/common/back.gif
我算是偏理科，文学类的东西我也不怎么明白。
只是觉得汉语在变化。现在的人说话的方式跟50年前肯定有很大差别。我附近没中国人，平常也不怎么上网，偶尔逛下帖吧，论坛什么的，就会看不懂很多流行语。虽然每个字都认得，但组到一起就不大明白了，还要去查是什么意思。
虽然汉字是象形字，但也是进化过来的，很多字原先代表的图形跟现在字的样子已经有很大区别了。
对于一个母语是汉语的人来说，或许只觉得汉字很死板，一个字代表一个图。但真的只以图的方式学汉字，会真的懂汉语么？比如说这个华裔发明的图像汉字系统：http://info.51.ca/article/xxjy/znjy/2014/03/27/332867.shtml 虽然不知道如何解释，但只把字当作图，或许学起来会简单，却是无法真正学会汉语的。
我不是学语言的，也不知如何辩论原帖，只是想说说在平常生活中的感受。
nd DebtKnow the consequences of bad credit.
Soon after enrolling in college you were probably swamped with credit card offers boasting low introductory interest rates and other gifts and rewards for applying. Although getting a credit card is tempting, there are many things that you should be aware of that can have negative long-term effects on your financial well-being.
The resources on this page can help you become a more responsible credit card user.
Pizza Cravings and Credit Cards
Pizza Cravings and Credit Cards
It's tempting to get a credit card when you're pressured almost daily to apply for one. However, credit card companies don't give you the entire picture when they're trying to get your business.
Do you know the real cost of items purchased on a credit card? Watch this short video to find out.
Credit Card Skills Builder
Credit Card Skills Builder*
Are you card smart?
Go on a virtual shopping spree with the interactive Credit Card Skills Builder to learn how credit cards work. The interactive resource also features a credit card glossary and demonstrates how long it will take to pay off a credit card bill by only making monthly minimum payments.
Reading a Credit Card Statement
Reading a Credit Card Statement*
Credit card statements are notoriously difficult to understand. They are filled with strange terms, numbers, and percentages that can add up to hefty fees, penalties and rising interest rates that even the most experienced credit card user might not understand.
AIE's interactive credit card statement explains the terms commonly included on a real statement.
Credit Card Debt - A Student's Story
Credit Card Debt - A Student's Story
It's easy to develop bad spending habits in college when you use a credit card for purchases. In this video, a college graduate explains how living like a professional and accumulating debt while in college forced her to live like a student when she got out.
Watch the video to hear her story
Interactive Credit Report
Interactive Credit Report
Your credit report is basically your financial report card. It provides a record of your borrowing and money-management history, and is used to calculate your credit score. Lenders refer to your credit report to determine if you are a good credit risk for approving a loan.
Use the Interactive Credit Report to learn about the information included in a credit report.
To learn more about avoiding credit card debt, visit the links below:
?Credit Card Repayment Table ?Use this chart to compare how long it will take to pay off a credit card by making monthly minimum payments vs. paying 10% a month.
?Credit Card Terminology ?It's important to be familiar with all of the terms used in credit card offers and statements to avoid getting deep into credit card debt. Here's a list of commonly used credit card terms with their definitions.
?Credit Card Suggestions ?For an increasing number of students, credit cards are a necessary accessory. It is important to follow certain guidelines to be responsible credit card users.
?Credit Reports?Just like a resume or report card, a credit report is used to gauge an individual's financial performance.
?Credit Scores ?A credit score is an individual's financial performance grade and is mostly based off of your credit report.
Did you know?
?Most college students get their first credit card by the fall of their freshman year.
?More than 80 percent of college students have at least one credit card.
?College freshmen who have credit cards tend to double their debt by their senior year.
Get Adobe Flash Player *Credit Card Skills Builder and Reading a Credit Card Statement require the Flash Player. If you do not have Flash Player on your computer, you can get it for free from Adobe.
Here are other documents located on AIE.org that you may be interested in: ?Read a Credit Report
?Understand Credit Reports
Credit Scores and Reports
?Managing Credit and Debt
?Understand Credit Reports
?Read a Credit Report
?Understand the Basics of Credit Scores
More Resources
?Subscribe to Our Weekly Newsletter — AIEmail
?Counselors Network — Our Monthly Newsletter for Schools
?Download and Print Handouts
?College Finance Calculators
?For Student Loan Borrowers: Online Resources
?Find Resources in Your State
?Find Resources on the Web
Featured Video
Interior Designer
Career Profile: Interior Designer
AIE Home | Search | Financial Literacy | Planning for College | Paying for College | Finding a Career | Managing Your Money | Students | Parents | Schools | Community | About AIE | AIEmail | En espanol
About TG | PRIVACY POLICY | Contact Us
AIE is a free public service of TG.
Please contact us to obtain permission to republish this material.
?2014 Texas Guaranteed Student Loan Corporation
parents' brother，这有问题吗？
酒中仙 发表于 2014-4-10 23:27 http://bbs.51.ca/images/common/back.gif
当然有問題啦, 究竟是那一个parent's brother?是elder,还是younger?
这話要準確繙譯成中文, 是: 他是我的伯父/叔父/舅父/姑丈/ 姨丈。
用中文講, 關係一清二楚, 用英文講, 猶如雲山雾罩。
"汉字会导致思维的病毒化", 真不知从何說起。
当然有問題啦, 究竟是那一个parent's brother?是elder,还是younger?
这話要準確繙譯成中文, 是: 他是我的伯父/叔父/舅父/姑丈/ 姨丈。
用中文講, 關係一清二楚, 用英文講, 猶如雲山雾罩。
"汉字会导致思维的病毒化", 真不知从何說起。
费事傾 发表于 2014-4-11 09:18 http://bbs.51.ca/images/common/back.gif
这事儿讲太细讲不清楚，
评价一种文化的优劣还得从历史进程和成就来看。
再提一个問題:
There are ｍａｎｙ geese.
意思是說有許多雁, 还是有許多鵝?
你教洋人認識 "魚"字, 然後寫出 "三文魚', "吞拿魚", 那洋人起碼也知道是魚。
試找个只認識fish的華人, 給他看salmon, 和 tuna , 問他知不知道是什麼東西?
那末你是12岁来加拿大，在中国的小学应该已经把汉字掌握的差不多了。
我很好奇，你现在思考问题是用中文还是用英文？
酒中仙 发表于 2014-4-10 23:24 http://bbs.51.ca/images/common/back.gif
5年级是10岁。。。
这个要视情况而定，比如说我现在和你用中文交流，我就是以中文思考的，跟同学以英文交流，就是以英文思考的。再比如说思考化学问题的时候，由于我化学是以英文学的，就是以英文思考。日常生活什么的是以中文思考。
说起来可能有点乱，不过 思考 这种事，就是自然反应那样的。
关于原帖说的英文由字母组成，所以创造出来的词意思没有局限性，所以说英文的人更有creativity.
但就拿原帖中的chiral来说吧，这个词源于希腊语χειρ (kheir) ，意思是手（来自wikipedia）。就像中文“手性”是由“手”和“性”组成一样，这个词由kheir（手），改一改以符合英文发音，再加个al(形容词）拼凑而成。英文中的新词也不是凭空冒出来的，要么直接拿英文单词，要么拿greek，latin 之类的源词再改一改来造新词，
词都有本义，只不过用久了就忘了。就像中文中的“手术”，“手”和“术”都是很简单的字，但“手术”这个词却不单单是“手”和“术”的意思的结合。
思维病毒之一 —— 病毒是什么？
第一节 生物病毒、计算机病毒以及思维病毒
在几十亿年前，一种新的有机体在地球上进化出来。这种有机体有着不同寻常的特性，即能侵入到每一种有机体的生殖体系中，并利用这种生殖体系进行自我复制。这种生物有机体被称为病毒。
目前自然界中已知的病毒有三种。
第一种就是刚才提到的在地球上出现得最早的，称为生物病毒，它一般会出现在人类、植物和动物体内。地球上有无数种生物病毒，而每一种生物病毒又会复制出无穷数量的病毒。
这些病毒是人类大量致命疾病和许多现今无法治愈的疾病的根源，如普通的感冒、致命的爱滋病。这些生物病毒的可怕之处，在于它们还在不断地进化，使人类在对抗病毒的战斗过程中总是处于不利的境地。这种情境在现实生活中和虚构的电影中都曾反复出现，例如，在一部美国电影中就非常生动地描述了人类战胜艾博拉病毒那今人惊心动魄的情景。
自然界里已知的第二类病毒存在于计算机、网络、数据及程序这些人造系统中。这类病毒不是自然形成的，而都是人为制造出来的。它们对上述人造成系统的不可预知的破坏性，已成为政府、企业、学校、军队、金融界、甚至个人电脑用户的首号大敌。其进化速度之快同样也使人类应接不暇。与战胜生物病毒一样，要战胜这类病毒也非常困难，所以反病毒业方兴未艾，但毕竟解读计算机程序比解读DNA还是要容易得多。由于计算机高速、良好的通讯性能以及巨大的存贮能力使计算机成为病毒理论的攻击目标。
第三类病毒 就是本书要详细讨论的思维病毒，即思维、文化和思想中的病毒。思维病毒既有自然产生的，也有人为恶意制造的。
第二节 病毒的特征
谈到任何一种病毒都必须谈到复制这个概念，复制是病毒最根本的特征。之所以要认真对待病毒就是因为自我复制能力是宇宙中最强大的力量。有一个，就会产生二个、四个、八个、三十二个、六十四个……，因为病毒是按指数规律增长的。
对生物病毒而言，这种复制机制是细胞的重要功能。在正常情况下，这种复制机制是用来产生蛋白质、复制核酸以及进行细胞本身的复制。当病毒侵入细胞后，复制机制的正常功能就丧失了，转而被用来复制病毒。
只要有复制机制存在的地方，就可能有病毒存在。
计算机病毒 也是利用了计算机对程序、指令和数据的复制功能来传播和生存的。因此计算机也必然成为病毒的攻击目标。
复制机制本身没有甄别能力得证所复制的都是需要的信
息，而病毒恰恰利用了这一点。对生物有机体而言，复制机制的复制指令控制细胞产生所需要的蛋白质，进而这些蛋白质又控制各种化学反应使细胞正常生长。而病毒利用这种复制机制后发出的指令是产生更多的病毒，并以各种方式对其他的有机体进行感染。病毒的这种复制指令很重要，没有它病毒就会死亡。
计算机病毒的复制方式同样如此。首先，病毒制造者把病毒密码插入到他人的计算机的其它程序上。一旦这些计算机开始运行，它们就已经受到了病毒的感染。通过相同的方式，
它们又会把病毒传染给其他的计算机。
我们知道病毒之所以可怕，是因为它具有感染能力，能够进行复制，并发出指令，特别是其传播能力十分强大。病毒一旦产生，就会独立延续自己的生命，并进一步向外界传播且不受病毒的制造者的控制。生物病毒利用细胞的复制功能进行有效传播，计算机黑客利用计算机的复制功能传播病毒。
而人类的思维在复制信息和服从指令方面甚至超过了生物细胞和计算机。因此思维成为感染病毒的理想载体。由于人类善于吸收新观念和新信息，因此病毒更容易侵入，同时，人与人之间的信息交流越来越容易，思维病毒也就更容易复制。一旦我们被思维病毒感染，它就会向我们的思维发出指令，并影响我们的行为，当这种新的行为对别人产生影响，病毒也就得以传播。思维病毒成为文化的一部分对人的思维构成影响，改变人们的思维方式和行为方式，从流行时尚到极端宗教团体都存在着思维病毒的各种表现形式，为了区分自然思维病毒和人为思维病毒，我们称前者为文化病毒，称后者为恶意病毒。自然思维病毒显然是人的思维活动在无意识的条件下自发产生的，而恶意思维病毒则是由人精心制造出来的，通过在人群中传播、感染，从而改变人的思维方式以达到他们自身的目的。
恶意病毒和文化病毒同样会对人类追求幸福的目标产生破坏性的影响。尽管这两种病毒从起源上说是有区别的，但有一点是相同的，那就是都有会分散人的注意力，无益于人类的自身幸福，转而为思维病毒服务。
与生物病毒和计算机病毒相比思维病毒是无形的（生物病毒在显微镜下能看见，计算机病毒是程序密是有形的）。思维病毒不象感冒通过打喷嚏来传播，也不象爱滋病通过性来传播，它的传播途径也是无形的交流，因此思维病毒对人的影响，无处不在。它与生物病毒和计算机病毒不同，人们受到思维病毒感染以后不会出现类似生物病毒和计算机病毒所能导致的明显后果，所以人类想要战胜思维病毒的影响更为困难。而且任何信息交流方式――电视、广播、报纸、流行音乐、广告、教育、宗教，甚至朋友间的谈话――都有可能成为感染病毒的途径。
为什么百事可乐公司每年要花数十亿美元作电视广告，向人们说明他们的产品能带来某种良好的“感觉”，而这种感觉真的是人们生活中最需要的吗？为什么那些离奇不经的故事会成为“故事传奇”，而这些故事中的主角成为人们心目中的英雄？为什么各种连锁信似乎还会在世界各地不断传播？思维病毒！
思维病毒之二 —— 思维与思维基因
思维活动是对信息进行吸收、整理并作出判断的过程，因此信息在思维活动中占有中心地位。那么信息的最小单元是什么呢？我们知道生物遗传信息的最小单元是基因。因此我们把思维基因定义为信息的最小单元，它与遗传学里的基因有许多相同之处。生物的进化与基因的进化密切相关，人类思维的进化与思维基因的进化也密切相关。思维病毒与思维基因的关系与生物病毒与生物基因的关系有许多相似之处。正常细胞、有机体的基础是基因，正常思维、正确思想的基础也是思维基因。正常有机体与病毒的区别同正常思维与思维病毒的关系也是一样的。要了解病毒的机制，必须对病毒的基因（DNA）进行研究，要彻底了解思维病毒，也必须对思维基因进行研究。
一种思想是否能感染人，并不在于这种思想本身是否容易被人接受，而是这种思想中包含的思维基因是否易于传播。因为人不是把某种思想全部接收下来，而是通过接收这种思想中心思维基因来接收这种思想。
例如，纳粹思维能在希特勒时期的德国迅速传播，是因为纳粹这种思维病毒中存在着易于传播的思维基因，能成功地感染人，而仅就纳粹思想本身而言，无论从哪一个角度看，都不是一种“好思想”，而是一种病态的思维病毒，一旦人们受到这种思维病毒的感染，就会将其广泛传播，并做出令人发指的暴行。
因此，思维病毒就是利用思维基因对人进行感染。这些思维基因反过来会对人的行为产生影响，改变人的思维方式和行为方式并使思维病毒得以延续和传播。
因此要想深入地了解人的思维活动、思维病毒，就必须对思维基因进行进一步地研究。
思维基因的传播方式可以是直接的，也可以是间接的。如在拥挤的影剧院大喊“起火了”，这种思维基因的传播形式是非常直接的。但另一种情况思维基因的传播则可能是间接的。如一个孩子的母亲可能用不严厉甚至放任的态度来管教她的孩子，因为她可能在自己母亲严厉的管教下成长，并有过一段痛苦的经历，而当她的孩子长大并有了自己的孩子时，使用的管教方法可能与她母亲的恰恰相反，十分严厉，因为在她母亲放任的管教方式下她自己的经历可能也并不幸福。因此，这种管教孩子的严厉方法的思维基因就得以间接地传播。
因此，思维基因可能以一种十分明显、直接的方式传播，也可能通过一种复杂的因果关系以近乎随机的、混乱的方式传播，但这些近乎随机、混乱的条件中有一种稳定的因果关系。
实际上人的思维是人类进化的结果。这种进化包括两个方面：一是人、生物基因DNA的进化，二是人的思维的进化。因此人的行为受这两个方面进化结果的影响。人的生物DNA进化的进程是相当漫长的，而且在数百万年来，人脑的变化很小，这可以从考古发现中找到有力的证明。然而，人的思维进化却快得多，特别是随着信息技术的革命性发展人的思维进化越来越快。
人的生物DNA的进化对人的行为的影响使人在进化过程中产生了某些本能，在人类的早期，对生存和繁衍十分重要。如在不利的条件下逃避危险，寻找食物；在有利的条件下战胜猎物，寻找配偶等。由于人的生物DNA进化过程缓慢，这些本能在人身上表现得还十分明显，这些有助于史前时代人类生存的本能，已完全不适应人类现在所处的生存环境。可以说现代人的生存本能还不如动物的生存本能有效。
人的行为除受本能影响外，还要受到意识的影响，意识是思维进化的结果，而人的意识思维最容易受到思维病毒的感染。人的本能和意识的关系可以通过一个有趣的故事来说明：一个瞎子迷失在森林里，被东西绊倒了。他在森林地面上摸索，发现自己在一个瘸子身边。瞎子与瘸子开始交谈，各自悲叹自己的命运。瞎子说：“我已经在这个森林里徘徊很久了，因为看不见，所以找不到出去的路。”瘸子说：“我也躺在森林里很久了，因为站不起来，无法走出去。”当他们坐着谈话时，瘸子突然大声叫起来，说：“你把我背在肩上，我告诉你路哪里走，我们联合起来就能走出森林了。”
事实上，大多数人仍然没能走出这个大森林，因为他们的本能虽然健全，但由于思维受到病毒的影响，就好像瘸子的视力受到了坏的影响，所以终究还是没有找到路。
那么人在进化过程中首先产生了哪些思维基因呢？他们与人的生存本能又有什么关系呢？
人最早产生的思维基因有三类：第一类是差异性思维基因宇宙充满万物。不管我们谈论何种事物，首先必须使用概念，概念是人为产生的，由思维基因组成。
例如，“地球”就是一种差异性思维基因。因为我们使用“地球”这个概念就是要把它与宇宙中的其它事物相区别。所以我们使用的概念都是差异性思维基因，这是进行任何思维活动的一个前提。差异性思维基因对人的思维活动的影响是很大的。
这就是各种商品都必须与形象、场景、概念相联系的原因，这就是 “Coca—Cola”
标志无处不在的原因。
第二类是对策性思维基因这是人类在行为过程中的经验总结。当碰到某种场景,需要采取什么样的行动才能取得预想的结果，即对事物的某种因果关系进行判断。在人类早期生存的环境中，这类思维基因十分有用，它能判断什么情况下应该竭尽全力战胜猎物，什么情况下应该逃命。这种思维本能随时影响人的行为。
世界的变化日新月异，对策性思维基因也不会一成不变。当人受到思维病毒的影响时，这种对策性思维方式也会受到影响，它会使人固执地相信某种行为必然会产生某种结果。例如，有些人仍然相信连锁信会给自己带来源源不断的财富。
第三类是联系型思维基因它能把两种或更多的思维基因联系起来。即当人的思维中出现某种事物时会联想到另一种事物。这种思维活动是本能性的，无意识的。这种基因有些是自然产生的，如红色会使人联想到危险，绿色会使人联想到生命和海洋，这是人在自然进化过程中产生的。广告商正是利用这种联系型思维基因对人的思维影响作用，把某些互不相干的事物联系起来，从而达到影响人的行为的目的。他们推销的商品本身可能并不吸引人，但与之相联系的事物则对人有异常的观感吸引力。如看到万宝路就会联想到西部牛仔，看到“555”
就会联想到飞驰的赛车，等等。
人不可能吸收所有能及其感觉器官的信息，只能吸收其中一部分，哪些信息能够被吸收，哪些信息会被滤掉，则由人的潜意识（即本能思维）决定，而这些本能思维会受到思维病毒的影响。
思维病毒之三 —— 人的本能意识与思维病毒
军队的入侵可以抵抗，而观念的入侵是无法抵抗的
－－雨果
在人的进化过程中，为了能更好地自下而上地生存和和繁衍，人的大脑也随之进化，于是就产生了人的本能。由于人脑的进化基本上是在数百万年前大体完成的，所以人的行为中还留有许多本能的痕迹。相比而言，人类思维的进化要快得多，因此人类大部分行为并不是本能的结果，而是思维的结果。但由于人的思维受到病毒的影响，所以人最终的行为与人的生存需要、生活目标都可能相去甚远。
文化中最流行和最普及的部分与最容易传播的观念密不可分，这种最容易传播的观念并不是最好的，但是它所含的思维基因是最容易被人接受的。因此，某些并不是很好的观念得以传播。
为什么有的思维基因能迅速传播，而有的却不能呢？
还是让我们回到人的思维活动的起点，即如何能在史前条件生存和繁衍，如何与恶劣环境博斗，避免灾难和危险，寻找食物以及寻找配偶。
在人类思维进化到有意识的思维以前，为了满足以上四种本能需要，大脑就已经通过进化产生了一定的机制。人的这些机制与动物的某些机制是相似的。在人类的进化过程中，复制DNA的生存机制得延续，这就是本能。
在进化过程中，人类为了在恶劣的生存环境中得以生存，就会相应地产生以下原始本能思维，它们对人在史前时代的生存和繁衍至关重要：
１、危机思维：恐惧的迅速传播提高了人对危险的警惕性，从而增加了人的生存机会，这种思维基因与差异性思维基因的结合对人的生存有更大的价值。这就是比尔?盖茨的那句名言“微软离破产只有12个月”说明微软不但没有破产，而是越来越强大的原因。
２、使命感思维：在人类早期极端困难的生存条件下，那些对付共同的敌人、建立共同的安身之所、寻找食物的思想意识逐步从生存的根本需要发展成为一种使命感。同样这是人类得以延续的重要得证。
３、问题思维：发现问题的能力——如缺少食物，发现潜在的竞争对手——是人类得以生存的重要条件。
４、危险思维：对人类的生存而言，关于潜在危险的知识的价值比非关于现实危险的知识更大。如猛兽经常在什么地方出现，哪些自然现象中蕴藏着危险等等。
５、机遇思维：某种利益——如食物、猎物或潜在的配偶——出现了，必须采取行动，决不能丧失时机。
由于这些本能思维方式是在人脑的进化过程中产生的，而且人脑在数百万年并没有什么变化，所以，直到今天，这些本能思维方式仍然存在。任何文化和亚文化都会关注自己面临的危机、使命、问题、危险和机遇，但是，对于这些问题的性质，它们有着各自不同的看法。
只要我们每天打开电视，翻开报纸，我们就会发现最受欢迎的节目、报道都是关于灾难、暴力、色情的，大量的书籍和电影都是关于各种疾病的，各种媒体中都谈论着各种政治危机。这一切都与人类的本能思维有密不可分的关系。
思维病毒之四 —— 人的意识与思维病毒
在进化过程中，动物的信息交流能力越强，则它所拥有的生存和繁衍的机会越多。这种信息交流和复制的能力，在人类文化和知识的进化中发挥着至关重要的作用。如果我们的思维不能复制他人的观念，那么我们的知识只能局限于我们个人的人生经验。语言的产生使思维的进化有了爆炸性的发展，也导致人类交流的革命性的突破，从而产生了大量新的概念，使人从差异性的角度认识世界的能力更强，并且把不同的事物联系起来，从而出现共同的对等性的思维。因此不断地改进人的交流，也就极大地提高了人的生存能力。
随着人的原始本能思维进一步进化，意识思维产生了。意识是人与动物的不同之处，与本能思维相比，它能更有助于人们创造生存和繁衍的机会。
１、意识能更好地使人们进行交流和合作，从而更容易地寻找食物和进行自卫。人们发现，与个人所拥有的生存机会相比，团队拥有更多的生存机会。
２、意识能更好地规划未来。
３、意识具有解决问题的能力，因此能更好地寻找食物和配偶。
４、意识进一步扩展，人的知识开始更加全面地了解世界。
因此人的思维从本能思维开始进一步进化，产生了以下更高一层的意识思维，这些意识思维本身不但有利于人的生存和繁衍，也有助于本能思维发挥有利的作用：
１、归属感：为了生存和繁衍，人类必须群居。因为这样更安全、更经济。因此，这种能够让人产生归属感的思维基因更容易被接受。
２、突出自我：这是人进行创新和创造的动力，它能使人在满足自身需求方面获得优势。例如，早期人类中的优秀分子在获得食物和配偶方面都能取得优势。所以对人类而言，任何能使人产生突出或特殊感觉的思维基因都具有极大的吸引力。
３、同类关爱：由于人类个体之间存在许多相似之处，因此人类就会产生关心同类命运的冲动。
４、获得首肯：希望别人对自己的行为表示赞同。在人类社会阶段，一个人如果达到自己所饰演的角色的需求时，就会得到社会的尊重。而那些不按社会规则行事的人则受到相反的待遇。成功的思维基因都利用人们希望获得首肯的意愿。
５、服从权威：服从权威使人更容易生存，而反抗权威则可能使人遭遇逆境。
以上这些意识思维都是在本能思维的基础上进化而来的，也可以称为次级本能思维，它们有时也带有本能思维的特征，也会使人产生强烈的感情。因此思维病毒常常是通过刺激人的这些本能思维所激发人的情感，并产生共鸣，从而使人接受思维病毒的影响。
以上讨论的人的本能思维与人的生存都有着直接关系，但思维的进一步进化也产生了另外一些思维基因，这些思维基因虽然与人的生存没有什么直接的关系，但它们的传播非常有意义，而且对人的思维和行为也有巨大的影响：
One thought virus - what a virus is ?
Section biological viruses , computer viruses and virus thinking
In billions of years ago , a new organism has evolved on Earth. This organism has unusual characteristics , which can invade every organism 's reproductive system, reproductive system, and to use this self- replication. Such organisms are called viruses.
Currently known viruses in nature , there are three .
The first is mentioned in the earliest emergence on Earth , called biological virus, which usually occur in humans , plants and animals . There are numerous kinds of biological viruses on earth , and every kind of biological virus will replicate the endless number of viruses.
These viruses are the root causes of many diseases and incurable human nowadays a lot of deadly diseases such as the common cold , deadly AIDS. These scary biological viruses in that they are continuing to evolve , so that the battle against the virus in humans process is always at a disadvantage . This situation in real life and fiction films have repeated, for example , in an American movie is very vivid description of the human victory over the Ebola virus that people today thrilling scene.
The second type is known in nature viruses exist in the computer, network , data and program these artificial systems. Such viruses are not naturally occurring , but are artificially manufactured. They cause people to these unpredictable destructive system has become the government , businesses, schools , military , financial, and even PC users number one enemy. Its fast rate of evolution of humanity equally overwhelmed . Like biological viruses and defeat , to overcome this virus is very difficult, so the anti-virus industry in the ascendant , but after reading the computer program than the interpretation of DNA is much easier. Due to computer speed , good communication performance and huge storage capacity so that the computer be targeted virus theory.
The third virus -like virus is thought to be a detailed discussion of the book , that thinking, cultural and ideological viruses. Thinking both naturally occurring virus , it was made ??in bad faith .
Section characteristics of the virus
Comes to any kind of virus replication must be talking about this concept , viral replication is the most fundamental features . The reason is to be taken seriously because of self-replicating virus is the most powerful force in the universe . There is one, will produce two , four , eight , thirty -two, sixty-four ...... because the virus is growing exponentially .
Biological virus , the replication mechanism is an important feature of this cell . Under normal circumstances, this mechanism is used to generate replication protein , nucleic acid replication and replication of the cells themselves . When the virus invades cells, replication mechanism of normal function is lost , instead being used to replicate the virus.
As long as there is replication mechanisms exist, it may have the virus.
Computer viruses also make use of the computer program instructions and data replication capabilities to spread and survival. So the computer is bound to become a target of the virus.
Replication mechanism itself does not have the ability to permit the screening are required letter copied
Interest rates , and the virus just use that. The organism , the copy instruction replication mechanism to produce the desired control of cell proteins , and these proteins and thus control a variety of chemical reactions that normal cell growth . The use of this command viral replication after the issue is to produce more viruses , and all manner of other organisms to infect . This instruction viral replication is very important, without which the virus will die.
Computer virus replication same. First, the virus writers to insert the virus code to other computer programs of others . Once the computer is running , they have been infected with the virus . By the same way ,
They would in turn transmit the virus to other computers.
We know that virus is scary , because it has the ability to infect , can be copied and issued a directive , in particular its ability to communicate is very powerful. Virus , once produced, will be independent of the continuation of their lives , and further spread to the outside world and is not the manufacturer of the control virus. Using cell biological virus replication capabilities for effective dissemination of computer hackers use the copy function of the computer virus spreading .
The replication of human thinking in terms of information and to obey commands even more than the biological cells and computers. Therefore, thinking it an ideal carrier of infection. Because humans are good at absorbing new ideas and new information, so the virus is more easily penetrated , while the exchange of information between people increasingly easy , thinking it easier to viral replication. Once we were thinking of a viral infection, it will issue instructions to our thinking and affect our behavior , when this new behavior affects others , the virus will be spread. Thinking virus become part of the cultural impact on people's thinking , change people's way of thinking and behavior, from fashion to extreme religious groups are thinking there are various forms of the virus , in order to distinguish between natural and man-made virus thinking thinking viruses, we call the former cultural virus, that the latter is a malicious virus . Natural virus apparently thinking person's unconscious mind activity under conditions arise spontaneously , but the virus is a malicious thinking carefully manufactured by the people , by the spread in the population , infection, thus changing the way people think in order to achieve their own purposes.
Malicious viruses and viral cultures also affect human pursuit of happiness target a devastating effect . Although both viruses originated from said there is a difference , but one thing is the same, that is, there would be distracting , not conducive to the happiness of mankind itself , instead of thinking virus services.
Compared thinking viruses and biological viruses and computer virus is invisible ( biological viruses can see under the microscope , a computer virus is a program secret is tangible ) . Thinking is not like a cold virus to spread through sneezing , nor as to spread AIDS through sex , it 's also invisible pathways of communication , so the impact on people 's thinking virus , everywhere. It is with biological viruses and computer viruses, virus obviously thinking people suffer the consequences like biological viruses and computer viruses that can cause infection does not occur in the future , so you want to overcome the impact of human thinking the virus more difficult. And any information exchange - television, radio , newspapers, popular music , advertising, education, religion, and even conversations between friends - are likely to become infected with the virus way.
Why Pepsi spend billions of dollars annually for television advertising to people explain their products can bring some good "feel ", and this feeling is really people living in the most need? Why those bizarre stories without will become a " Tales ", and the protagonist of these stories become a hero ? Why would seem various chain letters continue to spread throughout the world ? Thinking virus !
Thinking virus two - thinking and thinking gene
Thinking activity is to absorb the information , organize and make the process of judgment , and therefore occupies a central position in the information thinking activities. So what is the smallest unit of information is it ? We know that the smallest unit of genetic information is the gene . So we thought gene is defined as the smallest unit of information , which in the genetics of many genes in common . Biological evolution and genetic evolution is closely related to the evolution and evolution of the human mind thinking is closely related genes . The relationship between genes and biological viruses and biological viruses thinking and thinking genes have many similarities. Normal cells , is the basis of gene -based organisms , normal thinking , correct thinking is also thinking genes. The difference between normal and viral organisms with normal thinking and thinking of the relationship is the same virus . To understand the mechanism of the virus must be genetic (DNA) to study the virus , the virus to thoroughly understand the thinking , thinking it must be studied genes.
Whether an idea can infect people , is not whether this idea itself is easy to be accepted , but this idea of thinking genes contained in the ease spread. Because some people are not thinking of the whole receiver down, but this idea is received by the receiving center of this idea of thinking genes.
For example , thinking quickly spread Nazi Germany during Hitler , the Nazis because there is this kind of thinking viruses easy to spread the genes of thinking , can successfully infect humans , but only Nazi ideology in itself, no matter what angle you look at , is not a "good ideas " but a morbid thought virus , once people infected by the virus this way of thinking , it will be widely disseminated and make heinous atrocities.
Therefore , thinking is the use of viruses to infect the human gene thinking . These thoughts would turn genes influence human behavior , change people's way of thinking and behavior and to the continuation and spread of the virus thinking .
Therefore, in order to understand the depth of people 's thinking activities , thinking the virus , it must be further study of the thinking genes.
Way of thinking spread of genes may be direct , it can be indirect. In a crowded theater such as yelling " fire " and the spread of this form of the gene is thinking very direct . However, another aspect of the spread of genes thought may be indirect. If a child's mother could not crack even with the laissez-faire attitude to discipline her children because she could under the harsh discipline to grow his mother , and there have been a painful experience , and when her children grow up and have their own when child discipline methods may be used with her mother on the contrary, is very tough, because in her mother -faire parenting style of her own experience may also not happy. Therefore, this harsh discipline methods on the child's thinking genes to indirectly spread.
Thus , the gene may be thinking in a very clear , direct way communication, but also possibly through a complex causal relationship with almost random, chaotic way of communication, but these almost random , chaotic conditions there is a causal relationship between stable .
In fact people's thinking is the result of human evolution . This evolution includes two aspects : one is human , biological evolution of genomic DNA , the second is the evolution of human thinking. So people's behavior by these two aspects of the evolution of the outcome . Biological process of human DNA evolution is quite lengthy , but in millions of years , small changes in the human brain , which can be found strong evidence from archaeological discoveries . However , people's thinking has evolved much faster , especially with the development of information technology, the revolutionary people's thinking evolved faster.
Biological evolution of the human DNA to influence human behavior in the evolutionary process gives rise to a certain instinct, early humans , to survive and thrive is very important. Under such adverse conditions evade danger , find food ; overcome prey under favorable conditions , to find spouses . As the human biological DNA evolution is slow, these instincts in people who also behaved very clear that these contribute to human survival instinct prehistoric times , has been completely suited to the human environment are now. It can be said of modern survival instinct not as effective animal survival instincts .
In addition to human behavior affected by instinct , but also affected by consciousness , consciousness is the result of evolutionary thinking , but man's conscious thinking mind most vulnerable to viral infection. Relationship human instinct and consciousness can be an interesting story to illustrate: a blind man lost in the forest, was something tripped . His fumble on the forest floor , found himself in a lame side. The blind and the lame to start a conversation , each lamenting their fate. The blind man said : "I've been wandering in the forest for a long time , and behavior :
I did not see , so can not find the way out ." Lame , said: . " I can lay in the forest for a long time , because stand , unable to go out ." when they sat talking, lame suddenly cried aloud , and said : . " you put me back in the shoulder , I tell you where to go way , together we will be able to get out of the forest ."
In fact, most people are still not able to get out of the forest , because their instinct though sound , but because the virus affected thinking , just like the lame bad eyesight has been affected, so in the end did not find the way .
So who first produced in the evolutionary process of thinking what genes do ? They and human survival instinct , what does it matter ?
Thinking people first gene produced three categories: The first category is the difference between thinking the universe is full of all genes . Regardless of what we talk about things , you must first use the concept , the concept is artificially produced by thinking genes.
For example , "Earth" is a difference between thinking genes. Because we use the " Earth " concept is to take it to other things in the universe, the phase difference. Therefore, we use the concept of genes are differences in thinking , which is a prerequisite for any thinking activity . Genetic differences influence thinking on human thinking activity is great .
This is why a variety of goods must be associated with the image of the scene , the concept , which is "Coca-Cola"
Signs everywhere reason.
The second category is a way of thinking it is human genes lessons learned in the process of behavior . When it comes to certain scenes, what actions need to be taken in order to achieve the desired result , namely a causal relationship to judge things . In the early environment of human existence , the kind of thinking is useful genes , determine under what circumstances it should make every effort to overcome the prey , and under what circumstances should escape. Such thinking instinct always affect people 's behavior.
The world changes rapidly, countermeasures genes are not immutable thinking . When thinking of people affected by the virus, such countermeasures way of thinking will be affected , it will make people stubbornly believe that certain behavior is bound to produce a certain result . For example , some people still believe that a steady stream of chain letters will bring their own wealth .
The third type of thinking is linked gene that can two or more genes linked to thinking . When certain things that people think of when thinking to another thing . This kind of thinking activity is instinctive , unconscious. Some of these genes are naturally occurring , such as red will make people think of the danger , green life and make people think of the ocean, which is naturally produced in the human evolutionary process . Advertisers influence of this thinking is the use of contact -type gene on the human mind , to some unrelated things linked affect human behavior so as to achieve the purpose . They sell the product itself may not be attractive, but the things associated with the abnormal perception of human attraction . If you see will think of Marlboro cowboy , see the " 555"
Will think of the speeding car, and so on .
People can not absorb all the energy and sense organs of information , can only absorb part of what information can be absorbed , what information will be filtered out by the subconscious ( ie instinctive thinking ) decisions, and these instincts will be thinking thinking viral effects .
Three Thinking virus - human instinct and thinking virus
Can resist the invasion of armies , but was unable to resist the invasion of ideas
- Victor Hugo
In human evolution, in order to better survive and bottom-up and reproduction , the human brain also will evolve, and thus a human instinct . Due to the evolution of the human brain is basically largely completed in a few million years ago , so the behavior of people also left many traces of instinct . In contrast, the evolution of the human mind is much faster , so the result is not the instinct of human behavior most , but the result of thinking. But because the virus affected people's thinking , so eventually the behavior and human survival needs , life goals are likely to far .
Culture is the most popular and the most popular part of the most easily spread and concepts are inseparable, the most likely to spread this idea is not the best , but it contains the gene is thought most likely to be accepted . Therefore, some not very good idea to spread.
Why do some thinking genes can spread rapidly , while others are not?
Let us return to the starting point of human thinking activity , namely how to survive and thrive in prehistoric conditions , how different from fighting with the harsh environment , avoiding disaster and danger, find food and find mates .
In the human mind evolved to conscious thought before , in order to meet the above four instinctive need , the brain has evolved produced by a certain mechanism. Mechanism and some mechanisms of these animals is similar to human . In the course of human evolution , DNA replication was a continuation of survival mechanism , which is instinct.
In the course of evolution , humans in order to survive in the harsh environment to survive , it will produce correspondingly less primitive instinct of thinking , they survive and thrive in prehistoric times is crucial :
A crisis of thinking : the rapid spread fear increased vigilance against dangerous people , thus increasing the chances of survival of people , this kind of thinking combined with differences in gene and the gene for the human mind has a greater survival value . This is Bill ? Gates famously said , " Microsoft is only 12 months away from bankruptcy ," explained Microsoft not only does not go bankrupt , but more powerful.
2 , mission thinking : In early human living conditions extremely difficult , those against a common enemy , the establishment of a common shelter , find food from survival ideology gradually become a fundamental need to develop a sense of mission . It is also important to the human race proved continuity.
3 , the problem of thinking : the ability to find problems - such as lack of food, identify potential competitors - is an important condition for the survival of the human race .
4, the danger of thinking : the survival of mankind , the value of knowledge about the potentially dangerous than non- knowledge about the real danger greater. As is often where the beast appeared , which bears the risk of natural phenomena and so on.
5 Opportunities thinking : an interest - such as food, prey or potential mates - appeared, must act , must not lose time.
Because these ways of thinking is instinctive human brain evolution produced , but in millions of years, the human brain does not change , so until today, these instinctive way of thinking still exists. Any cultures and subcultures are concerned they face a crisis , mission , issues, risks and opportunities , however , the nature of these problems , they have their different views.
As long as we are open every day the TV, read the newspaper , we will find the most popular programs , the report is all about the disaster , violence, sex , lots of books and movies are all about various diseases , various media are talking about a variety of political crisis. It's all instinct and human thinking are closely related .
Four thinking virus - the virus of human consciousness and thinking
In the evolutionary process, the exchange of information , the stronger the ability of animals , the more chances of survival and reproduction of its own. This exchange of information and the ability to replicate in the evolution of human culture and knowledge plays a crucial role. If we can not copy someone else 's idea of thinking , then we can only limited knowledge of our personal life experiences . Produce language makes evolutionary thinking has been explosive growth has also led to a revolutionary breakthrough in human communication , resulting in a large number of new concepts , people 's ability to understand the world from the perspective of differences stronger, and the different things link , which appears in the thinking of the common peer . Therefore, continuous improvement of people 's communication, it greatly improves the person's ability to survive.
With people thinking further evolution of primitive instincts , conscious thought arises. Consciousness is the difference between man and animals , compared with the instinct of thinking , it can also help to create opportunities for people to survive and multiply .
An awareness so that people can better carry out exchanges and cooperation, so as to make it easier to find food and to defend itself . It found that, compared with the individual have a chance of survival , the team has more chance of survival.
2 , consciousness can better plan for the future.
3 , consciousness has the ability to solve problems , and therefore better able to find food and mates.
4 , further expansion of consciousness , people began to be more comprehensive knowledge about the world.
Therefore, a further evolution of the human mind from the beginning instinctive thinking , resulting in a higher level of awareness of these ideas, these conscious thought itself not only conducive to human survival and reproduction , but also help instinctively thought to play a beneficial role :
1 , a sense of belonging : in order to survive and thrive , humanity must gregarious . Because it is more secure, more economical. Therefore, this gene can make people a sense of belonging thinking more likely to be accepted .
2 , highlighting the self : This is the power of human innovation and creativity , enabling people to gain an advantage in meeting their needs . For example , the outstanding elements of early humans in terms of access to food and mates can take advantage. So for humans, who can produce any special feeling or thinking prominent genes have great appeal.
3 , similar care : Because there are many similarities between the human individual , and therefore the fate of mankind will have concerns similar impulse .
4 , to get the nod : I hope someone else for their actions agreed. In the stage of human society , if a person reaches the role played by their own needs , you will get the respect of society . And those who do not follow the rules of society to act is limited by the opposite treatment. Successful use of genes willingness thinking people want to get the nod .
5 , obedience to authority : obedience to authority makes it easier to survive , and rebellion against authority may make people encounter adversity.
These are all conscious thought on the basis of instinctive thinking evolved , also called secondary instinctive thinking , they sometimes also with a characteristic instinct of thinking , people will have strong feelings. Therefore, the virus is often thought of these people by stimulating the thinking person's emotional instincts inspire and resonate , so people thought to be affected by the virus .
Discussed above human thinking and human survival instincts have a direct relationship , but further evolution of thinking also produced a number of additional genes thinking , thinking these genes although there is no direct relationship with the people 's survival, but they spread very meaningful , but also has a huge impact on people's thinking
5年级是10岁。。。
这个要视情况而定，比如说我现在和你用中文交流，我就是以中文思考的，跟同学以英文交流，就是以英文思考的。再比如说思考化学问题的时候，由于我化学是以英文学的，就是以英文思考。日常生活什么的是以中文思考。
说起来可能有点乱，不过 思考 这种事，就是自然反应那样的。
11033324 发表于 2014-4-11 23:00 http://bbs.51.ca/images/common/back.gif
年龄小过来有优越性啊！我从大学就开始学英语，到加拿大也有30年了，可是自己觉得还是得中文思维，多了两次转译，这样速度就慢 了半拍，看很多电影都有困难，特别是西部片。