印度是个民主国家,的确如此。印度也是个社会主义国家,从经济体制方面来说。史称“尼赫鲁社会主义”。
在这个国家:
政府公务员都是终身制,上班可以睡懒觉
医生也是终身制,上班可以睡懒觉
老师也是终身制,上班可以睡懒觉
总之吧,只要你捞到个工作,就可以睡懒觉。
这是印度劳工法规定的,所以资本家听到这个国家的名字就害怕,市场没有充分竞争。
印度大致上有些大的国营企业和大的私营企业,效率很低,得过且过。然后还有些很小的企业,但这些企业却不愿意发展为大企业,因为发展为大企业之后就要受劳动法不准解雇工人的制约,这又造成了不能进行大规模生产。
[ 转自铁血社区 http://bbs.tiexue.net/ ]
这里是印度劳工法,是英文的:
Any Industrial Establishment employing more than 100 workers must make an application to the Government seeking permission before resorting to lay-off, retrenchment, or closure of undertaking.
我大概译一下:任何雇佣超过100个工人的企业,在寻求解雇、紧缩开支或结束经营之前,必须向政府提出申请。
链接:http://bcognizance.iiita.ac.in/aug-sep05/Labor.htm
而企业向政府提出解雇工人的请求,政府通常是不会同意的。所以印度工人都是终身制,而且可以上班睡觉。
http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20 ... he-india-model.html
[ 转自铁血社区 http://bbs.tiexue.net/ ]
Labor laws, for example, still make it almost impossible to lay off a worker—as the infamous case of Uttam Nakate illustrates. In early 1984, Nakate was found at 11:40 AM sleeping soundly on the floor of the factory in Pune where worked. His employer let him off with a warning. But he was caught napping again and again. On the fourth occasion, the factory began disciplinary proceedings against him, and after five months of hearings, he was found guilty and sacked. But Nakate went to a labor court and pleaded that he was a victim of an unfair trade practice. The court agreed and forced the factory to take him back and pay him 50 percent of his lost wages. Only 17 years later, after appeals to the Bombay High Court and the national Supreme Court, did the factory finally win the right to fire an employee who had repeatedly been caught sleeping on the job.
比如,劳动法照样使雇主几乎不可能解雇员工,以臭名昭著的Uttam Nakate案为例,1984年初,Nakate被发现上午11:40还在工厂的地板上熟睡。他的雇主只警告了他。但他一再被发现在上班时间睡觉。到第四次时,工厂开始对他采取纪律措施,经过5个月的听证会后,他被判定有错并被工厂开除。但Nakate去劳动法庭申辩称,他是不公平交易的受害者。法院认同了Nakate的说法,迫使工厂重新雇佣他,并偿付他损失工资的50%。直到17年后,工厂通过向孟买高等法院和全国最高法院上诉,才最终获得权利开除多次在上班时间睡觉的员工。
Aside from highlighting the problem of India’s lethargic legal system, Nakate’s case dramatizes how the country’s labor laws actually reduce employment, by making employers afraid to hire workers in the first place. The rules protect existing unionized workers—sometimes referred to as the “labor aristocracy”—at the expense of everyone else. At this point, the labor aristocracy comprises only 10 percent of the Indian work force.
Nakate一案除了突显印度法律体制的昏庸外,还戏剧性地表现了印度的《劳动法》是如何通过使雇主害怕雇佣工人而导致就业率降低的。这些规定保护在职工会工人(他们有时被称为“劳动贵族”),规定以牺牲他人的利益为代价。在这一点上,劳动贵族只占印度10%的劳动力。
现在大家明白了吧?
印度,就是个吃“大锅饭”的国家。
所以走计划经济是走不通的,中国现在需要的不是回到过去的大锅饭,而是加强失业保障、养老保障、医疗保障、劳工保障等等。但不能像印度那样搞国有化和禁止解雇员工。
大家都想偷懒,不工作,这是可以理解的
可是,如果你去医院,医生在睡觉,去商场,营业员在睡觉,去学校,老师在睡觉,去政府,政府官员在睡觉
就算你能拥有上班睡觉的权利,这对你而言,真的好吗?
印度好的一面是民主,所以这个国家就算再穷,他们也会照顾弱势者,例如印度就是全民医疗保障,虽然提供的医疗水平不高。
但印度的经济体制,应该批评,它阻碍了经济的发展。 |