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亮出你的真实身份,才能举起正义之剑!
最初由[陆海]发布
与林枫商榷关于记者的行为规范
在51里的“多伦多都市报”的版块看到了《林枫:请曲涛先生回到民间》一文。在该文中有下面这一段话。“至于记者在采访中应不应该不依不绕地紧追曲涛,我觉得最有权回答这个问题的是曲涛,即曲涛先生有没有用他的心,他的坦诚来接受采访。”感觉上林枫这是在为我提出的记者在《五星红旗为何没有飘起来》一文中采访曲涛后半段所表现的缺乏专业水平而辩护。所以在此与林枫商榷记者和编辑在这种时候的专业操守。
这里本人无意为曲涛在那演唱会中做成如何辩护。有兴趣想了解本人对一些侨领或一些他们的组织行为的看法,可以翻看本人以前在“时事新闻”版里有关主题下的聊天记录。本人这里只谈记者的行为规范,因为这是一件很重要的事。记者在一次采访中的行为被接受的程度将决定他们下次在采访中可能采取的方式,并且这还会成为一种习惯。今天可以对这个人这样,明天就可以对那个人这样。媒体在社会上是一种很大的力量,这是我为什么要探讨新闻从业人员行为规范的原因。我认为这种反复“逼问”的采访方式是不妥当的。这无益于获得更多信息(从那采访的后半段可以看出),还显示出采访记者的不恰当地过分。
下面转录几条一些国家新闻从业人员协会的行为守则供参考。
United Kingdom
CODE OF PRACTICE
Adopted by British Press Compaints Commission
Ratified by the Press Complaints Commission - 26th November 1997.
4. Harassment*
i) Journalists and photographers must neither obtain nor seek to obtain information or pictures through intimidation, harassment or persistent pursuit
ii) They must not photograph individuals in private places (as defined by the note to clause 3) without their consent; must not persist in telephoning, questioning, pursuing or photographing individuals after having been asked to desist; must not remain on their property after having been asked to leave and must not follow them.
iii) Editors must ensure that those working for them comply with these requirements and must not publish material from other sources which does not meet these requirements.
http://www.uta.fi/ethicnet/uk2.html
Code of Professional Ethics of Journalist
Adopted by the Belarus Union of Journalists in October 18, 1995
Article 8
Offences against the Personal Honour and Dignity
The following may be classified as offences against the personal honour and dignity:
- if a journalist publishes information which, although corresponding to reality, has no social importance, offending the honour and dignity of an individual.
http://www.caj.ca/principles/principles-statement-2002.htm
在报道中显示被采访者被一个预设立场的问题反复追问而表现出的尴尬是否“has no social importance”?
Canadian Association of Journalists
Ethics Guidelines
Approved at 2002 Annual General Meeting
FAIRNESS
We respect the rights of people involved in the news and will be accountable to the public for the fairness and reliability of our reporting.
We will not allow our own biases to influence fair and accurate reporting.
We respect each person’s right to a fair trial.
http://www.caj.ca/principles/principles-statement-2002.htm
罪犯还有保持沉默的权力。这是基本人权。作为记者应该尊重被采访者对一个问题有选择不再回答的权力。
下面是加拿大国家广播公司(CBC)的新闻从业人员守则中有关被采访人拒绝被采访或参加讨论的条文。这里提到不能在电视节目上安放一个空椅去强化被采访人的拒绝。在电视辩论中安放空椅以强调某个被采访者不愿发言是过分和不可接受的;同样,在报纸上,当被采访人已明确拒绝再就一个问题回答时,在报道中再反复追问同样的问题和显示被采访者的尴尬与那在电视上放一个空椅的性质是类似的。因其易造成和强化观众和读者的偏见,所以它将有违于新闻的客观性这一根本准则。对于被采访者拒绝回答一个问题,可以象下面一段最后一句话所说:“An announcement, presented in a simple and direct way, may be employed.”
Journalistic Standards and Practices of CBC
5.1 REFUSAL TO PARTICIPATE
When a person refuses to participate in a discussion or interview and chooses not to offer a reason, the program must respect that position. Dramatic devices such as an empty chair in television should not be employed to underline a refusal to participate. An announcement, presented in a simple and direct way, may be employed.
http://cbc.radio-canada.ca/accou ... alistic/index.shtml
最后再引用加拿大记者协会新闻从业人员行为准则中的一条:
We lose our credibility as fair observers if we write opinion pieces about subjects that we also cover as reporters.
http://www.caj.ca/principles/principles-statement-2002.htm |
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