[ZT]编剧赵华：我发现了转基因食品的两大秘密

祖宗

《中国转基因食品监管法规和政府监管非法操作情况调查》提纲
2013年7月9日
赵  华

    前言

    大家好！我是上海影视编剧。我创作并播出的电视剧有香港影星张柏芝主演的《周璇》等3部90集。自2010年起我成为中国食品安全志愿者。原因是看到了《国际先驱导报》记者金微那个令人震惊的报道《老鼠不见了》。原来美国杜邦先锋公司在中国大面积推广种植的假冒杂交品种转基因玉米“先玉335”，竟然是灭鼠药和打胎、绝育药！这类美国环保署作为“杀虫剂产品”监管的转基因生物怎么能做禽畜饲料，甚至给人吃？岂不是拿人做小白鼠？

    经过近3年的学习、研究和跟踪，我发现了转基因食品的两大秘密：

    第一个秘密是：对转基因食品食用安全的判断，完全是美国孟山都公司操控的所谓权威国际组织掩盖转基因食品危害真相的天大谎言。转基因食品根本过不了104周长期动物试验的关。长期毒理学动物试验结果，一定是法国和俄罗斯科学家得出的结论：致癌和绝育！

    顺便在此报告一下塞拉利尼先生：您的转基因玉米两年期SD大鼠喂养试验并不是全世界第一个转基因食品长期毒理学试验。此前还有两个转基因大豆的104周动物试验论文发表。第一个是日本人坂本义光等11人用日文发表在日本《食卫志》杂志2008年8月第49卷第4期的104周动物喂养试验论文，结论是转基因大豆对SD大鼠无害。〔1〕但他们用的转基因大豆是先锋品牌的转基因大豆品种“90B72”，草甘膦除草剂残留量仅0.01ppm，受试物明显是假样品。这个消息是全力攻击您的转基因试验的英国“科学媒介中心”中国分部主任贾鹤鹏告诉我的。第二个是俄罗斯全国基因安全协会和生态与环境问题研究所科学家阿列克谢索罗夫等人用俄文发表在俄罗斯《农业科学纪事》杂志2010年第8卷第3期的104周坎贝尔仓鼠喂养试验论文，结论是转基因大豆使仓鼠三代绝种。〔2〕

    第二个秘密是：是中国拯救了全球转基因食品产业。而中国所有市售转基因食品，均未依法获得卫生部“新资源食品”批准文号、全属非法食品。这是全球转基因食品监管丑闻中最大的丑闻！

    我提交本次会议的论文谈的是上述第二个秘密：中国转基因食品监管法规及非法操作情况。

    第一个问题：中国转基因食品监管法规及其执行情况

    中国转基因食品监管法规一开始还是很严格的。2002年7月1日生效的《转基因食品卫生管理办法》明确规定：未经卫生部批准的转基因食品不得生产或进口，也不得用作食品或食品原料。但是，这个5年零5个月内从未得到执行的《办法》于2007年12月 1日被突然废止。

    尽管如此，按照2009年6月1日生效的《食品安全法》：使用包括转基因食品在内的“新的食品原料”从事食品生产，还是应当获得卫生部的行政许可。但这个法律规定仍然没有得到执行，卫生部至今没有批准过任何转基因食品。

    也就是说，中国市场上长期大规模销售的转基因食用油等所有转基因食品都没有依法获得过卫生部“新资源食品”批准文号，全是“非法食品”。中国转基因食品监管法规完全等于一纸空文。

    第二个问题：中国政府转基因食品监管非法操作情况

    既然卫生部从未批准过任何转基因食品，究竟是谁批准了每年进口五六千万吨转基因大豆、以及转基因食用油等转基因食品在中国大规模销售的？原来是农业部。但农业部是主管“转基因生物”的，根本就无权监管“转基因食品”。由农业部取代卫生部批准转基因食品进口和上市销售，纯属非法操作。这种非法操作主要有三种情况。

    第一种情况：农业部非法批准进口转基因大豆等食品加工原料

    2001年5月，中国国务院颁布了《农业转基因生物安全管理条例》，设定了270日的安全评价期。2002年7月，卫生部的《转基因食品卫生管理办法》也开始生效。由于这些监管措施的实施，2002年中国进口转基因大豆比上年大减，使美国政府很紧张。因为2001年11月欧盟新的转基因法规决定强制标识转基因食品，阻碍了美国转基因食品的进口。美国非常担心在中国重蹈欧盟覆辙，加紧来华公关，希望中方简化转基因食品监管规则。

    2002年美国小布什总统两次访华，要求中国取消对进口转基因大豆的 270日安全评价期，理由是会“给孟山都公司带来巨大损失”。他成功了。2002年3月中国农业部发布了《转基因农产品安全管理临时措施》，规定当年境外公司可持本国机构出具的安全评价文件向中国农业部申请，不需要中国政府进行安全评价验证，就可获得向中国出口转基因农产品“临时证明”，并且两次将这个“临时措施”的有效期延长到2004年4月20日。

    与此同时，卫生部的《转基因食品卫生管理办法》生效后仅 4个月就被迫停摆。此后卫生部就不再对进口转基因大豆等“转基因食品原料”进行安全评价验证和审批了。结果是，只要农业部批准海关即可放行转基因大豆进口。而根据当时有效的《食品卫生法》和《转基因食品卫生管理办法》，农业部根本没有单独批准“转基因食品”进口的权限。国务院让卫生部出局的操作完全非法。

    更严重的非法操作是农业部联手中国疾控中心，在进口转基因大豆安全评价上造假。2004年 2月农业部批准孟山都公司的转基因大豆“GTS40-3-2”进口依据的是中国疾控中心“营养与食品安全所”出具的《食用安全评价报告》。而据顾秀林教授等人查证，该报告介绍的 6个动物实验并非“营养与食品安全研究所”自己独立所做，全部来自孟山都公司1996年的一篇“营养学”论文《抗草甘膦除草剂大豆喂养大鼠、鸡、鲶鱼和奶牛的饲用价值（The feeding value of soybeans fed to rats, chicken, catfish and dairy cattle is not altered by genetic incorporation of glyphosate tolerance）》。

    也就是说，农业部颁发的第一个进口转基因大豆安全证书，就是通过伪造安全评价报告的犯罪手段炮制的。再加上排除了卫生部的食用安全评价验证，中国政府批准孟山都的转基因大豆“GTS40-3-2 ”进口，实属“双重违法”操作。

    从那时起直到现在，至少在非法排除卫生部安全评价验证和行政许可这一点上，农业部批准进口转基因大豆等所有转基因食品加工原料全属非法操作。“金龙鱼”等使用进口转基因大豆生产的转基因食用油等加工食品，不经卫生部的行政许可就被允许在市场上大规模销售，同样是非法操作。

    由此可见，农业部副部长陈晓华在今年两会新闻发布会上所说的中国政府对转基因食品的监管“处于世界领先地位”， 从监管之初起就是个天大的谎言。

    农业部非法批准大规模进口美国转基因大豆，使中国成为世界转基因食品的最大市场，一举拯救了21世纪初就面临淘汰的美国转基因食品产业。孟山都公司也由此绝处逢生，开始它危害全人类的转基因食品市场大扩张。因此，中国政府对转基因食品的全球大泛滥，应负最大的罪责。

    第二种情况：农业部非法批准转基因蔬菜、水果的种植和销售

    截至 2012年农业部总共颁发了1100份转基因生物安全证书，其中除了转基因棉花和进口转基因食品加工原料，究竟有多少是转基因蔬菜和水果，农业部从未公布过。农业部2003年公布的“第一批实施标识管理的农业转基因生物目录”包括棉花种子、大豆、玉米、油菜和番茄五类17种。至今10年过去了，农业部再也没公布过“第二批目录”。而据媒体报道，农业部至少还批准了转基因甜椒和木瓜的种植和销售，都没有依法标识。

    农业部官员公开说，除农业部第一批目录规定的5类17种外，将来绝大部分转基因食品都不再标识了。这既违反了当时的《转基因食品卫生管理办法》，又违反了《农业转基因生物标识管理办法》，是明目张胆的“双重非法”操作。而2010年设立的中国食品安全最高监管机构“国务院食品安全委员会”，对此从未过问。

    第三种情况：农业部非法纵容庇护未获批准及假冒杂交转基因作物的大规模种植和销售

    农业部2009年悄悄给张启发院士的两种转基因水稻和范云六院士的一种转基因玉米颁发安全证书的事曝光后，民间抵制转基因食品的声音越来越大。而张启发的转基因水稻在未依法获准种植之前，就已大规模非法种植，并通过加工食品流入国内市场和出口国外。但农业部公然加以纵容，没有对违法者进行任何调查惩处，以致中国出口欧盟的米制品中，已经多次被查获含有“非法转基因”成分，并加以通报。

    更严重的灾难是转基因玉米的大规模非法种植。2012年，国家转基因玉米专项负责人戴景瑞院士说，中国转基因玉米种植面积已达6000多万亩。据玉米专家佟屏亚说，其中大部分是美国杜邦先锋公司假冒杂交品种的转基因玉米“先玉 335”。早在2010年9月，媒体就报道了先玉335玉米是转基因品种和大规模种植先玉335造成山西、吉林两省田鼠大规模灭绝的生态和畜牧业灾难。但农业部极力掩盖真相，没有采取任何救灾措施，公然庇护美国公司的非法行为，完全不顾本国利益。

    先玉 335转基因玉米大多用作禽畜饲料，但也难保不以“玉米粉”形式流入食品生产链条。因此，包括非法转基因大米流入食品销售链条在内，卫生部没有行使对转基因“食品”的法定监管权，实属渎职。而卫生部、农业部和国务院食品安全委员会的上述渎职犯罪行为，从未受到查处和法律追究。

    农业部转基因食品监管非法操作的最新情况是，6月份农业部又批准了孟山都和巴斯夫的3种转基因大豆进口。而根据孟山都的“RR2”抗虫叠加抗除草剂转基因大豆申请书，RR2连输出国美国本国的三大转基因食品监管机构FDA、农业部和环保署都没有批准商业化销售。由此可见，中国政府转基因食品监管的非法操作，实属世界之最。

    最后希望各位外国朋友帮我个忙。我打算写一部《孟山都的全球转基因战争》小说并改编成电影剧本，请外国朋友发邮件告诉我发生在您身边的“转基因战争”故事。语言不是问题，谷歌机器翻译可以帮助我。

    谢谢大家！

    〔注释〕
    〔1〕日文论文英文摘要及pdf文件下载地址http://t.cn/zTwuQ99
    〔2〕俄文论文 http://t.cn/zWfJdtP  有图论文PDF http://t.cn/zWfJdtv

祖宗

顾秀林教授的英文翻译
    An Investigation into illegal operation of GMO Food Supervision

    I have been a playwright with many well received works including TV series published. However since September 2010, I became a food safety campaigner, the very reason is a report I read under the title “Rats are disappearing”. DuPont Company promoted a GMO corn species under the guide of cross-breeding to China, sowed to millions of hectors and wiped out rats in many places, and it is turn out to be good for abortion!

    I stopped my playwright work and devoted into the anti-GMO campaign.  This is my vow: fight until the GMO is driven out of China!
I focused on the government supervision regulations on GMO and the implementation of the measures. To my surprise, I found all safety proofs issued by the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) to GMO soy bean imports are false and illegal; it is no doubt the biggest scandal in the whole business.

    I.The related regulations and their implementation

    The 2002-7-1 “Hygiene Regulation Codes on GMO Food" states: nothing of GMO could be produced, imported or processed as food without an official approval by the MOH. However it had never been implemented within the 5 years and 5 months before it was repealed suddenly on 1st December, 2007. .

    A New measure, enacted on 1st June 2009, called “Food Safety Law”, ordered that “new source food materials” which includes the GMO, must acquire permit from MOH beforehand. Another regulation, “Health Related Product Hygiene Regulation Procedure” enacted from 1st June 2006 indicated that, new source food must marketed with a permit code as the medicines do. However, the MOH has never issued any permit since.

    In another words, none of the GMO foods, no matter marketed in what magnitude, all were illegal.

    II．Investigation of illegal operations of GMO supervition

    Without an official permit from MOH, the GMO soy beans have been imported in a scale of dozens of million tons per year, and Chinese people are consuming all kinds of domestically developed GMO vegetables and fruits, such as papaya. The Ministry of Agriculture, MOA, has taken over the MOH’s role to decide safety for food, completely exceeded its authority.

    1.The MOA issue permit to GMO soy and corn for “processing”

    The State Department of China issued “Safety Regulations on Agricultural GMOs” in May 2001, put a 270-day appraisal time duration on GMO. Then in July 2002 the MOH “Hygiene Regulation Codes on GMO Food" was enacted. The US Government was annoyed and pressed Chinese government through public relation tricks.

    In 2002 President Bush jr. visited China, required cancelation of the 270-day appraisal period under the excuse that Monsanto Company might suffer economic loss. Right after in March 2002, the MOA issued “Affiche of Temporary Measures on GMO Agricultural Goods”, allowing foreign companies a privilege to export GMO to China with their own safety documents, no need to apply for permit nor safety check. This temporary measure was extended to April 2004.   

    As a matter of fact, the MOH “Hygiene Regulation Codes on GMO Food" had lost its effectiveness only 4 months after been issued. From then on, the MOH has never again been involved with the safety issues of GMO, giving the MOA the exclusive authority to approve GMO import. According to “Law of Food Hygiene” and “Hygiene Regulation Codes on GMO Food", MOA has no such authority on food safety issues, apart from supervising environmental safety of GMO plants.
    The State Department illegally pushed the MOH out of the game.
    A worse case is the false safety evaluation on GMO soy beans from Monsanto Company, an approval was issued in Feb. 2004 based on an appraisal by Chinese CDC’s Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, which copied all evidence from a Monsanto’s 1996 report: The feeding value of soybeans fed to rats, chicken, catfish and dairy cattle is not altered by genetic incorporation of glyphosate tolerance。
    In a word, the MOA’s first safety license was issued based on a totally false condition, and without MOH’s food safety check, importation of Monsanto’s GMO soy bean of GTS40-3-2 trait to China actually violated many laws and was against many related regulations.

    Since then, all the granted license to GMO soy bean import to process for human food in China are illegal, which covered every batch of GMO import. All marketed cooking oil in China is in exactly same situation.

    MOA has made China the biggest GMO market, and saved the once falling GMO industry in the USA. Monsanto Company has been unexpected rescued from a desperate situation, thanks to the Chinese Government.

    2.MOA illegally issued safety license to vegetables and fruits to grow and sell in China

    More than 1100 safety licenses have been issued by MOA, by 2012. MOA refuses to release the list of approved items.
Labeling on GMO food stuff is required by law. However only in 2003 the MOA for once released the license of 17 GMO crops, i.e., cotton, soy bean, corn, rapeseed and tomato; and never upgraded it.

    An official openly said that it is no need to label anything except the 2003 licensed GMO items. This misconduct has never been addressed.

    3.MOA covers up illegal growing of unapproved GMO species and pseudo hybrid crops

    A turning point was the 2009 GMO rice and corn safety licenses issued to Chinese GMO developers. The general public started to protest, however GMO rice and corn have been illegally grown and consumed before the year, and was even discovered from exported food items. No actions has been taken on this side, while the EU has been announcing that illegal GMO was found in rice products from China.

    Worst is the wide spread illegal GMO maize/corn. According to the leader of GMO corn national project,4 million hectares of DuPont corn species (and some others) have been grown for years, ecological abnormity are shown in the extinction of field rats, and so on. But the MOA has done nothing but cover-up.

    The DuPont GMO corn is mostly but not exclusively used as animal feed. No guarantee for human food not get contaminated by it.
The MOH gave up its authority in guarding food safety for Chinese people.
Misconduct of MOA, MOH, and State Department have not been investigated and dealt with by legal means.