赴美留学指南 (四)
美国大学的财政资助大体上可分为四类：一、助学金。助学金主要来源于联邦政府和州政府，用于资助那些因家庭财力困难而无法上大学的人，获得助学金的人毋需归还这笔钱。
二、贷款。贷款是大学财政资助中占比例最大的一类，约占到全部资助的70%。贷款是必须偿还的。通常贷款的利息很低，偿还的方式也很灵活。斯塔福德项目是美国联邦政府资助的数目最大的贷款项目。
三、工作学习计划。该计划是指在上学期间可以在校内半工半读，如给教授做助教、在图书馆做助理，或在咖啡厅打工等。工作学习计划一般由联邦政府发起，但具体职位还是由各个学校决定。这样的收入一般只占财政资助的一小部分。
四、奖学金。奖学金类似助学金，是无偿发放的，但不是因为财政需要，而是根据申请人出色的专长或优秀的学业等因素。通常奖学金是由私营机构提供，象大公司、基金会、非营利机构、教会和大学等。
上述财政资助主要适用于美国公民和美国永久居民。对於外国学生，主要是工作学习计划和奖学金这两类。
申请奖学金需要包括那些相关信息？
The following factor could qualify you for a scholarship, so include them all when drawing up your personal profile:
Gender
Race or ethnic background
Citizenship
The State, Country, and City where you live
The name of your college where you applied for admission
Any disabilities that you have or your parents have
Your year in school
Your GPA
Your class rank
Your SAT I or ACT scores
Your TOEFL/GRE or TOEFL/GMAT scores
The field you plan to major in
Your strongest academic subjects
Academic awards you have won
Special academic programs you have completed
Sports you actively participate in
Student government positions you have held
All clubs and other organizations you belong to
Hobbies you actively pursue
Artistic talents or pursuits (visual arts, photography, dance, drama, music, or creative writing)
Your employers, present and past
Internships you have completed
Community service and volunteer activities you participate in
Religious organizations you are affiliated with
Military service you have completed
Where your parents are employed and their occupations
All professional associations, unions, clubs, civic groups, and other organizations your parents belong to
The colleges your parents attended
Whether your parents are veterans or currently active in any branch of the Armed Forces or the National Guard
有关美国大学奖学金问题欢迎查寻：
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