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南山红树秀才林

511#
发表于 2004-10-5 21:54:31 | 只看该作者
很实用。
512#
发表于 2004-10-5 22:31:26 | 只看该作者
老 师 、 同 学 , 好 贴 好 贴 。 只 是 工 作 太 累 , 看 来 只 消 化 一 点 点 。 不 过, 我 会 努 力 。

THANK YOU  , THANK  YOU。  :smile:  :smile:
513#
发表于 2004-10-5 22:42:52 | 只看该作者
最初由[红 树 林]发布
老 师 、 同 学 , 好 贴 好 贴 。 只 是 工 作 太 累 , 看 来 只 消 化 一 点 点 。 不 过, 我 会 努 力 。

THANK YOU  , THANK  YOU。  :smile:  :smile:

要保重身体啊。
514#
发表于 2004-10-6 08:48:02 | 只看该作者

TO 兩個功能

  如果有人問你:“I look forward to hear from you soon” 對,還是“I look forward to hearing from you soon” 對,你會怎樣回答呢?。

依我看,后者對,前者錯。因為“to”后面的動詞可以有“-ing”呢?

  這問題就是這課的話題了。

  大家知道,“to”是不定式動詞(Infinitives)的標志,如:to come, to go, to eat, to sleep, to play, to work, to sing, to take等等。

  不定式動詞是英語三種無限定動詞(Non-finite verbs)中的一種。它的主要功能包括協助組成動詞句型。例如:

  1. 主語+動詞+不定式動詞/短語

  (1) Helen likes to sing.

  (2) The man wants to see you.

  2. 主語+動詞+賓語+不定式動詞/短語

  (3) Jack advised me to come.

  (4) She asked the boy to go out with his brother.

  3. 主語+動詞+賓語+不帶“to”不定式動詞/短語

  (5) We all heard them laugh.

  ( 6 ) They saw the leaves fall down.

  (7) Did you notice the old man rush to the bus stop?

  (5)-(7)里的”langh, fall, rush”都是不帶“to”的不定式動詞或短語。

  此外,當不定式動詞在助動詞或情態動詞后面時,也是不帶”to”的。例如:

  ( 8 ) John will come soon.

  (9) Shall I go with them?

  (10) You may quit whenever you wish.

  (11) We must not eat too much meat.

  (12) Tony wished his friends could help him.

  不管帶“to”與否,不定式動詞的性質是不變的。

  “To”的另一個功能是當介詞,性質和“at, in, on, for, with”等一樣,只是形式和不定式動詞的標志一樣而已。正因為樣貌相似,介詞“to”在某些句式中常被誤以為是不定式動詞中的“to”而引起用法上的錯訛。文章開頭提到的“hear”和“hearing”之爭,便是最好的例子。

  須知“look forward to” 是個片語動詞,這里的“to”是個介詞,后面要帶賓語(object)(即名詞、代詞或動名詞),如“I look forward to your reply. / ... it. / ... hearing from you.”

  下面這句情況一樣,所以(13) a 錯,(13) b對:

  (13) a. Are you used to live in a hot country like Singapore?

  (13) b. Are you used to living in a hot country like Singapore?

  根據這原理,下列這些慣用語中的“to” 都是介詞,不是不定式動詞的標志。既然是介詞,就要有賓語:

  (14) Do you object to(反對)picnicking on every weekend?

  (15) Many people learn English with a view to(目的是)getting a good job.

  (16) A good government often devotes itself to(致力于) giving the people a good life.

  (17) You must not confine yourself to(局限于)talking about your own achievements.

  (18) Jason prefers working hard to(喜歡) doing nothing.

  (19) Kelvin is addicted to(沉溺于) smoking.

  (20) Qi is much given to(熱衷)playing outdoor games.
515#
发表于 2004-10-6 09:00:43 | 只看该作者

有「好」有「壞」的慣用語

“Good”和“bad”是兩個尖銳的反義詞,在慣用語中,也時時可見。下面便是些例子:

1. For one's own good:對某人有利

  It is advisable for a person to learn a new language; it is for his own good.

2. In someone's good books : 令某人喜歡

  Tom has changed for the better and is now in our good books.

3. Do someone good:對某人有好處

  After a long period of hard work, it will do you good if you take a short holiday.

4. Do someone a good turn:幫助某人

  I can never forget the day when David did me a good turn out of sheer kindness.

5. Give someone a good talking-to:   強烈批評某人

  A woman customer complained to the manager and the manager gave the salesgirl a good talking-to.

6. Good riddance:大解脫

  That nasty fellow has gone at last. Good riddance!

7. Have a good time:享受一番

  Some old friends met at the weekend and they had a good time at the club.

8. Hold good:繼續有效

  Certain rules and regulations hold good at all times and places.

9. While the going is good:當情況尚好時

  We can have some end-of -the-year bonus while the going is good.

10. Make good:發奮圖強

  As a dynamic young man, Mike is determined to make good and become somebody one day.

11. As good as done/ finished:几乎全部完成

  The whole project is as good as done. We can proceed with the next phase of work now.

12. Through someone's good offices:透過某人的鼎力襄助

  Through a senior officer's good offices, John got the permission to extend his visit.

13. The good old days:過去的好時光

  When old friends meet, they like to chat about the good old days.

14. Bad blood:感情惡劣

  There has been bad blood between the two in-laws.

15. Bad language:粗話

  No bad language in the presence of children, please!

16. In someone's bad books:令人討厭

  Tom is late again. No wonder he is often in his boss's bad books.

17. Come to a bad end:悲慘收場

  Some bad characters have been in and out of prison quite often. They will come to a bad end soon.

18. Give someone a bad/ hard time:虐待某人

  If your boss tends to give you a bad time without any reason, you had better change your job.

19. Give something up as a bad job:停止做不可能的事

  Janet started learning Mandarin but did not make good progress. Eventually, she gave it up as a bad job.

20. Go from bad to worse:越來越壞

  The relations between the two neighbouring countries seem to have gone from bad to worse.

21. Make the best of a bad job:在逆境中盡力而為

  Though Susie does not have good paper qualifications, she has made the best of a bad job and become a successful manager.

22. In a bad way:情況不佳

  After repeated setbacks, he has been depressed and is in a bad way now.
516#
发表于 2004-10-6 15:06:39 | 只看该作者
最初由[南山秀才]发布


要保重身体啊。

THANK  YOU. I'M  OK.
517#
发表于 2004-10-6 15:49:20 | 只看该作者

翻譯方法舉例

中英對譯時固然可以字字直譯,翻譯時還須在譯文上作些調整,才能做到翻譯的信、達、雅。

  談到翻譯就難免牽涉到雙語運用問題。譯者對相關的兩種語文即使不精通,也要有良好的水平,這是翻譯的先訣條件。接著,他還要曉得雙語在詞語運用上的不同,以及句子結構上的差別,然后才能在“理解”原文之后,通過適當的方法和技巧,把譯文端出來,呈獻給讀者品嘗。

  所謂適當的方法,就是指“直譯”(Literal translation)和“意譯”(Free translation)。直譯可以對號入座,字字翻譯,但很多時候必須在句子某些成分上作些詞類、詞序、句式等方面的調整或變動,才能把譯文帶入既“忠實”又“流暢”的佳境。如果直譯行不通或是不理想的話,就只好意譯了。例如:

  (1) x:How much have you suffered, Irene?

  y:A lot.

  x:愛玲,你吃了多少苦?

  y:一言難盡。

  (2) x:你這人真是“狗嘴里長不出象牙。”

  x:A filthy mouth cannot utter decent language. You are really such a person.

  如果把第一句里的“a lot”直譯為“許多”或“很多很多”,這句話自然嗎?如果把第二句譯成“A dog's mouth doesn't spit out an ivory”,只懂英語的人聽了不會莫名其妙嗎?

  意譯技巧最常見于中英慣用語的對譯。除了上述“狗嘴里長不出象牙”之外,再看些其他意譯的例子。

  (3) Don't put on airs.(別擺架子)

  (4) What is done is done.(木已成舟)

  (5) Kicking a man when he is down.(打落水狗)

  ( 6 ) Pull out the evil by the roots.(斬草除根)

  意譯雖重要,直譯也可貴﹔能字字對譯最好,若不能,就稍微整容或變型,以符合譯文的外貌,保持原文的精髓。

  現在就讓我先舉些中英直譯的好例子:

  (7) 他是只紙老虎。

  (He is a paper tiger)

  ( 8 ) 別流鱷魚淚。

  (Don't shed crocodile tears)

  (9) 應該彌補代溝。

  (We must bridge the generation gap)

  (10) 這事使他丟臉。

  (This matter makes him lose face)

  (11) 如何提高生產力?

   (How to increase productivity?)

  現在再看看詞語上或句子上需要調整或變動的例句:

  一、英文的修飾短語,不管是形容詞性的,介詞性的、分詞性的或不定式動詞性的,一概出現在名詞之后﹔中譯時,就要移到名詞之前﹔形容詞從句(Adjective Clause)也一樣。例如:

  (12) Please identify the factors responsible for the increasing cost of living.(請指出引起生活費高漲的因素。)

  (13) Jenny is a girl of great intelligence.(珍妮是個很聰明的女孩。)

  (14) Do you know the man sitting next to Peter?(你認識坐在彼得旁邊的那個人嗎?)

  (15) An effective way to learn a language well is to practise it regularly.(學好語文的有效方法是有恆不斷地練習。)

  (16) Doesn't the manager know the reasons why his staff are in low spirits?(經理不知道職員死氣沉沉的原因嗎?)

  (17) Here are some grammatical errors you have made in your essay.(這里是一些你在作文中所犯的語法錯誤。)

  二、英文的日期、地點等的排列是從小單位到大單位﹔單詞連用時是分量輕的在前,分量重的殿后,中文則反之。例如:

  (18) Helen was born at 10 p.m. on 3rd March, 1990.(海倫在一九九○年三月三日晚上十點出生。)

  (19) He came from a small town in Johore Malaysia.(他從馬來西亞 柔佛州一個小鎮來到這里。)

  (20) Beat our enemy or they will oppress and slaughter us.(打倒敵人﹔不然的話,他們會屠殺和壓迫我們。)

  三、中英文詞類不一定對應,必須進行調適。例如:

  (21) Jack is mentally sound but physically weak.(杰克思想健全、身體虛弱。)(副詞變成名詞)

  (22) Yesterday's stage performance was quite a success.(昨天的舞台表演相當成功。(名詞變形容詞)

  (23) The elimination of illiteracy is a matter of great urgency.(掃除文盲是當務之急。)(名詞變成動詞)

  (24) We are against racial discrimination.(我們反對種族歧視。)(介詞變成動詞)

  四、 中英文句式不吻合時,就要變動。例如:

  1/ 英文被動語態變成中文主動語態。例如:

  (25) A new syllabus has been drawn up.(已經擬定了一份新的課程綱要。)

  (26) This can be done and must be done.(這件事可以辦并且必須辦。)

  (27) It must be admitted that Singapore is a small island country. (我們必須承認新加坡是個小島國。)

  2/ 英文的簡單句變成中文的復雜句。例如:

  (28) His failure to observe the traffic rules resulted in the road accident.(由于他沒有遵守交通規則,所以導致了公路意外。)

  (29) With your permission, I will embark on the project as soon as possible.(如果你答應的話,我將盡快展開這項計划。)

  3/ 英文長句成分復雜需要作邏輯性的變動,以符合中文句法。例如:

  (30) The management's reputation fell still further when it refused to accept the suggestion of the Labour Union that an increase in the salary of the workers was a precondition for the settlement of the current dispute.(勞工聯合會建議增加工人的薪水作為解決當前糾紛的先決條件,但管理層拒絕接受這建議,結果它的聲望再度下降。)

  總而言之,直譯和意譯各有所長,可以直譯就直譯,不可直擇時就采用意譯,甚至雙管齊下,兩者兼施。有時翻譯比賽中的慣用語的英譯就要先直譯后意譯,才能兼顧到譯文的表層結構和原文的深層意思。例如:

  (31) 不勞而獲 (Reap without sowing → Profit by others' toil.)

  (32) 飲水思源 (When you drink the water, think of its source → never forget where one's happiness comes.)

  (33) 種瓜得瓜,種豆得豆 (Plant melons and get melons, sow beans and get beans → You reap what you have sown.)

  (34) 真金不怕火 (True gold fears no fire-a person of integrity can stand severe tests.)

  請問,你們是不是這樣譯呢?

  最后,看看下列兩種翻譯方式在紅樓夢中的一小段有關林黛玉講話的譯文。前者是意譯版本﹔后者是直譯文:

  (35)黛玉說:你說你會過目成誦,難道我就不能一目十行了!

  (意譯:“You needn't imagine you are the only one with a good memory,”said Dai-yu naughtily.

  “I suppose I'm allowed to remember lines too if I like.”)

  (直譯文:“You boast that you can memorise a passage with one reading. Why can't I learn ten lines at one glance?”

  各位,你們覺得那一段譯文比較貼切,比較有韻味呢?

  從上面35個例子不難看出中英對譯時雖然可以字字直譯,但由于兩種語文差異處處,翻譯時必須在譯文上作些調整或變動,才不會有“翻譯腔”,才可以使辛辛苦苦,絞盡腦汁的翻譯品達到“信”和“達”的標准,進而朝向“雅”的巔峰境界邁步﹔雖不易至,心向往之。
518#
发表于 2004-10-6 16:08:34 | 只看该作者
请 教 :

1  if  you  make  it  so,you're  bringing  her  back  into  the  very   picture  from  which  you  want
her  erased.

2 she  found  she  couldn't  shake the  feeling  she  had  at  the  airport.

please  E---C. THANKS  A LOT.


另 外 , ‘大 方 ’英 文 怎 样 说 , 讲 别 人 与 讲  自 己 有 区 别 吗 ?  :smile:
519#
发表于 2004-10-6 16:16:18 | 只看该作者
最初由[红 树 林]发布



另 外 , ‘大 方 ’英 文 怎 样 说 , 讲 别 人 与 讲  自 己 有 区 别 吗 ?  :smile:

外國人太直接了,讲别人与讲自己基本上沒有分別,但‘大 方 ’這個東西,英語就太多不同的用詞了。

beau geste
優雅的姿態;故作大方的姿態         

bloom
(尤指觀賞植物的)花  花朵  開花(期),(花)盛開  全盛時期,風華正茂   

bounty
恩惠號  慷慨大方;恩惠  贈物;獎金,賞金,(政府給予的)獎勵金,補貼,津貼  物產,收成   

cards and spades
(給予對手的)大方讓步         

decency
合乎情理;得體;恰如其分;端莊;莊重;大方;體面;合乎禮儀;正派;(言語、舉止)高雅;(合乎文法的)嚴謹文風  禮儀,禮節  舒適生活的必需品  (在某種場合下)適合,合宜   

decent
(服裝、住所等)得體的,體面的;有禮貌的;合乎禮儀的;文風嚴謹的;正派的,合乎道德的;高雅的,端莊的,(舉止、態度等)文雅的  穿著得體的(和裸露過多相反)  (收入等)一般的,過得去的,像樣的,相當不錯的  (家族等)家世優越的,有社會地位的,相稱的   

free
自由的,自主的,不受約束的;不受監禁的,釋放的  不承認奴隸制的;有個人自由的  freehold 的  不動產毫無抵押權負擔地   

freehanded
慷慨的,大方的;有空的,空閒的         

freely
自由地,隨意地;坦率地;直率地;大方地;免費地;大量地;無拘無束地,悠閒自在地         

generosity
寬厚,寬宏,大方,豪爽;雅量;慷慨  寬宏的行為,慷慨的行為  出身高貴[名門]  大量,豐富   

generous
大方的,慷慨的;豪爽的  寬宏的,有雅量的;無偏見的;高潔的  出身高貴的,系出名門的  大量的,豐富的   

handsome
(形體)好看,漂亮的;(男子)英俊的,風度翩翩的;(女子)健美的  精美的,高明的;堂皇的;有氣派的  (金錢、財產、禮物等)可觀的,相當多的  (行為)慷慨的,大方的   

junoesque
(女子)華貴美麗的,儀態大方的,豐滿的         

largess
(有地位者、事業支持者的)慷慨贈與  慷慨贈與物,賞賜物  (天生的)慷慨大方     

lavish
不吝惜的,過於大方的,過分慷慨的  浪費的,濫花的  異常豐富的,充裕的  過多的,過分的   

lavishly
過分大方地  大量地      

liberal
不小氣的  放蕩的  大量的,豐富的  大學文科的,文科教育的   

liberality
慷慨大方,慷慨行為[事例]  寬容,開朗,公正無私  施捨  禮物   

liberally
自由地  慷慨地,大方地  豐富地  心胸寬大地,公允地   

loose
鎮靜的,不緊張的,不著急的  慷慨的,花錢大方的  未繫牢的,鬆開的  未繫[訂]在一起的,散放的,散裝的
520#
发表于 2004-10-6 20:09:23 | 只看该作者
最初由[红 树 林]发布
请 教 :

1  if  you  make  it  so,you're  bringing  her  back  into  the  very   picture  from  which  you  want
her  erased.

2 she  found  she  couldn't  shake the  feeling  she  had  at  the  airport.

please  E---C. THANKS  A LOT.


1. 如果這樣做,把她打回原形,你便不能達到助她脫離困境的意願了。

2. 她覺到自已的心情不如在機場那般平復了。
521#
发表于 2004-10-6 22:27:47 | 只看该作者
THANK  YOU   , SIR。  :smile:  :smile:

ALSO, WOULD  YOU  PLEASE  TELL  ME  HOW   TO  TRANSLATE‘ 老 板 同 意  我的请 求 ’in  ENGLISH?

THANKS  AGAIN. ;)
522#
发表于 2004-10-6 22:31:07 | 只看该作者
最初由[红 树 林]发布
THANK  YOU   , SIR。  :smile:  :smile:

ALSO, WOULD  YOU  PLEASE  TELL  ME  HOW   TO  TRANSLATE‘ 老 板 同 意  我的请 求 ’in  ENGLISH?

THANKS  AGAIN. ;)

Boss agrees with my request

這個網對你很有用
http://dictionary.reference.com/translate/text.html
523#
发表于 2004-10-6 22:49:41 | 只看该作者
最初由[VicChu]发布


Boss agrees with my request

這個網對你很有用
http://dictionary.reference.com/translate/text.html [/
:thumbup: YOU  ARE   MY   GOD! (can  i   say   that?)

您 很 cool,无 所 不 知 。
524#
发表于 2004-10-6 22:52:23 | 只看该作者

今天内容很棒,收到。

谢谢。
525#
发表于 2004-10-6 22:53:09 | 只看该作者
最初由[红 树 林]发布


YOU  ARE   MY   GOD! (can  i   say   that?)

您 很 cool,无 所 不 知 。

都是靠推斷猜度而已!沒甚麼了不起。
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