六种不同的生意模式之利弊

已不是新移民

摘自心意网
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工字不出头。而且一有风吹草动，什么工都没保障。这也是近年来越来越多人自己当老板的原因。联邦及安省政府也非常鼓励小生意模式。这里简单介绍了六种模式的主要区别。  

Sole Proprietorship

You and your business are considered to be the same. 你个人与你的生意合为一体。  

利：  

Most simple type of business 最简单  

Usually only one person is involved and the business can be run under the persons name 一个人经营，而且生意的名字可以就是你自己的名字  

Most inexpensive type of business to start up 最便宜的生意开展方式  

Business taxes are paid through personal income taxes; therefore, any loss can be deducted from income taxes. 生意税务按个人收入税务处理，一切生意损失可以抵扣个人收入。  

弊：  

If you can't pay your debts or your business fails, your personal and business assets (your property and belongings) can be seized. 如果你无法偿还债务或生意失败，你个人和生意资产均可被充公。  

If the sole proprietor (owner) dies, the business dies also 如果东主死亡，生意也随之消失  

Business income is considered to be owner's personal earnings. Business and personal taxes are calculated at the same rate. The more the business makes, the higher the personal tax you pay.
生意收入会被当作个人收入，按个人收入报税。生意赚钱越多，个人所得税越重。  

Partnership

A type of business that two or more people run together, for profit. 两人以上为盈利合伙做生意的方式  

利：  

All partners share the business losses or liabilities and responsibilities, instead of only one person 所以合伙人共同承担风险，债务，责任  

Partners pay business income taxes in relation to their share in the business 各合伙人分别按他们投资的比例缴纳收入税  

Partners may have complementary skills and experiences that one person alone as sole proprietor may lack 合伙人可能有不同的经验和技能互相补充不足  

Financial support is possible from each partner. 合伙人之间可以在经济上互相支持  

弊：  

Each partner shares liability (consequences and responsibilities) for the other partners actions - You may have to pay for your partner's mistakes. A great deal of trust is needed among partners
每个合伙人为其他合伙人共同分担责任和风险，有可能为其他人的错误付出代价。合伙人相互之间需要极大的支持和信任。  

Business and personal assets can be seized 生意和个人资产仍有被充公的可能  

If a partner dies, drops out of the partnership, or if a new partner joins, then the existing partnership dissolves. 如果其中一个合伙人死亡，解除合作关系，或者新合伙人加入，那么现有的合作关系将不复存在。  

Corporation

This is also known as a 'limited company', or as 'incorporating'. 这也是众所周知的有限公司。  
A corporation is considered as a separate and legal entity; as if it were a separate 'person'. Its owners are known as shareholders, officers, or directors. 有限公司是一个独立的法律个体，就好比是一个独立的“人”。有限公司的持有人可以是股东，总裁，行政长官等等。  

利：  

No person in the corporation is personally responsible, or liable for the business1 debts or actions. If the corporation goes bankrupt, only the business assets can be seized. 任何人都不需对有限公司负上个人的责任，不承担公司债务或行为。如果公司破产，只要属于公司的财产才会充公。  

A company can choose to be federally or provincially incorporated, depending on the scope of the business 有限公司可以根据生意范围选择在联邦 ( 全国 ) 或省内注册。  

If an owner leaves or dies, the corporation is not affected. 如果某个持有人离开或者死亡，公司不受影响。  

弊：  

There are many extra costs and legalities with corporation compared to the other types of business.
有限公司和其他生意形式比较可能产生更多额外费用和法律责任。  

There is an initial cost to become incorporated usually through a lawyer
开办有限公司的费用较大，通常经过律师办理。  

Company losses cannot be used for lowering income taxes 公司的损失不能用来抵扣持有人的个人收入  

Business Co-Op

This is a specific type of corporation. 这是一个特殊的合作方式。  

利：  

Each person is liable only to the percentage of shares owned; for example, a person who owns 5% of the shares is liable only for 5% of the business. 每个人只为他在公司所持有的比例的部分负责。  

Members share support, skills, experience and raise the money needed for start-up costs from their individual contribution. 成员之间互相支持，分享经验和技术，同时各自为自己所占的比例资金负责。  

弊：  

Similar to those of the regular corporation 和一般的有限公司类似  

A person who owns larger shares also accepts larger liability 拥有公司较多的人承担较大的责任  

Franchise 特许经营  

Franchising is a way of doing business and of marketing products or services. The original company, called the 'franchiser' allows someone else called the 'franchisee', to operate its business by selling their products or services in a certain way. 特许经营是一种为总公司推广产品或服务的生意模式。总公司允许经销商按照某种特定方式，经营他们的生意，推销他们的产品或服务。  

利：  

The franchisee is allowed to use the established trademarks, images and proven methods of operating the business. This usually cuts down the risk of failure, since the franchisee doesn't start completely from scratch.(eg. McDonalds is a franchise) 经销商可以使用已经制定的注册商标，图象和整套成熟的运作方式，这样可减少失败的风险。 ( 如麦当劳就是特许经营 )

Usually most of the research , advertising, promotion, marketing and planning has already been prepared by the franchiser, and is given or taught, to the franchisee. So the franchisee doesn't have to do this. 通常来讲，总公司已经作了大量的市场研究，推广促销和规划，并把这一套东西传授给经销商，经销商无需为这些费神。  

弊：  

The franchisee pays the franchiser a start-up fee and royalties, which are regular costs for using the franchiser's methods, business name, images and trademarks, and for selling it's products or services. 经销商一开始必须支持一笔特许经营费和版权费，作为使用总公司注册商标，图象，生意名称，经营方式的代价。  

Home Business

There is a growing trend toward home businesses. Changes in technology and the lowering costs of computers, faxes and modems, allows home business to have lower start-up and regular operating costs. 家中生意有不断增长的趋势。科技的进步，电脑等产品硬件价格的降低，使得家里开办的生意成本更低，容易开展。  

利：  

Lower start-up costs; you dont pay rent for an office 不用租办公场地，开办成本低。  

No or little additional regular expenses such as lighting, heating etc. 日常费用很低，甚至没有，如电费暖气等。  

No need to commute to work 无需每日出门上下班。  

More time spent with family 更多时间和家人分享。  

弊：  

Certain businesses do much better with an office, or retail outlet 某些生意在一个正规的场地做更为成功。 ( 不是所有生意都适合在家做。 )

You have less privacy if customers must come to your home to do business. 如果你有顾客上门的话家中的私有空间会多少受到影响。  

Jasmine
编译