[原创]GMAT中的虚拟语气（上）

Mr.TOEFL

GMAT中的虚拟语气（上）

GMAT的语法测试中，会有一道或二道关于虚拟语气的题目，由于虚拟语气在汉语中是没有的，所以考生经常忘记，现系统整理如下，帮助考生复习。

If条件从句的虚拟语气
一，        英语表达形式（见表）
        If从句谓语形式        主句谓语形式
与将来事实相反的假设        Should + v/ were to + v        Would (should, could, might)+v (动词原型)
与现在事实相反的假设        Were / v+ed (过去式)        Would (should, could, might)+v (动词原型)
与过去事实相反的假设        Had + v+ed (过去完成时)        Would (should, could, might)+ have + v+ed（过去分词）

二，表示含义
If从句表示谈论想象的情况，主句表示主观推测的结果。尽管从句中会使用过去时，却并非指过去的时间。尽管从句中会使用过去完成时，却并非指过去的过去。而是标志与现在事实或将来事实相反的假设。例如：
1）If you went by train, you would get there earlier.
如果你坐火车去，你会早点到的。
2）If you didn’t stay up so late every evening, you wouldn’t feel so sleepy in the morning.
如果你每天晚上睡的不那么晚，你早上就不会感到那么困了。
3) If it had rained, we would have stayed at home.
要是那时下雨，我们就呆在家里了。
4) If I had not got married, I would still have been living abroad.
要是我没有结婚，我就会住在国外。

三，变体
1）在If的虚拟语气从句中，如果是were, had, should这三个词作谓语，可以省去If, 主谓倒装表示虚拟语气。例如：
Were I in your office, I wouldn’t do that.
如果我处于你的位置，我就不会这样做。
Had I know about it, I would have told you.
要是我知道那件事，我就告诉你了。
2）主从句对不同时间进行假设，而且不一定有if作为标志，此时成为混合虚拟语气。例如：
If you had taken the medicine yesterday, you would be better now
要是你昨天吃了药，今天就好多了。
四，GMAT真题实例分析
For many people, household labor remains demanding even if able to afford household appliances their grandparents would find a miracle.
A, even if able to afford household appliances their grandparents would find a miracle.
B, despite being able to afford household appliances their grandparents would find a miracle.
C, even if they can afford household appliances their grandparents would found a miraculous.
D, although they afford household appliances their grandparents would find miraculous.
E, even they are able to afford household appliances which would have been a miracle to their grandparents.

解题：从句意得知 —他们的祖父母会认为家用工具是很神奇的—应是对过去的虚拟，正确形式为would have done, 所以只有C, E符合。C选项用主动形式，E用被动形式，虚拟是主观的假设和想象，用主动，C为正确选项。C中，find sth + adj 为固定表达。

佛兰克语言教室 作者：Frank Tang 416-838-6696 E-mail: [email protected]